| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Events and trends[]
Technology[]
- Invention of the Jacquard loom in 1801.
- Ultraviolet radiation is discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter.
- Flag semaphore is gradually adopted by various navies of the world.
- Morphine is isolated from opium for the first time in 1804.
- Nicolas François Appert develops a method to preserve food by means of canning.
Astronomy[]
- The first known asteroids are discovered in this decade:
- Ceres (1801-01-01). Ceres is reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
- Pallas (1802-03-28)
- Juno (1804-09-01)
- Vesta (1807-03-29)
War, peace and politics[]
- The First Barbary War (1801–1805) is fought between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa.
- The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801.
- In 1803, the US acquired the Louisiana Territories from France.
- The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) is fought between the Maratha Peshwa on one side and minor chieftains of the Maratha Confederacy Sindhia,Bhonsle and Holkar on the other resulting in a crushing defeat of the rebel chieftains and the breakup of the Maratha confederacy.
- Haiti gains independence from France on 1804-01-01, becoming the first black republic.
- The Fulani War (1804–1810) is fought in present day Nigeria and Cameroon.
- The First Serbian Uprising (1804−1813) marks the first time in 300 years Serbia perceives itself an independent state.
- Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1805–1815).
- Beginning of the Russo-Turkish War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
Other[]
World leaders[]
- Emperor Napoleon I (First French Empire)
- Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire)
- Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia)
- Pope Pius VII
- Tsar Paul I (Russia)
- Tsar Alexander I (Russia)
- King Charles IV (Spain)
- King George III, (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)
- President John Adams (United States)
- President Thomas Jefferson (United States)
- Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)
- Jiaqing Emperor of China (Qing Dynasty)
- Mughal Empire
- Shah Alam II 1759-1806
- Akbar II 1806-1837
- Baji Rao II(Peshwa of the Marathas)
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab) 1801-1839
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