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Beverly Hills, California
—  City  —
City of Beverly Hills
Rodeo Drive & Via Rodeo, Beverly Hills, LA, CA, jjron 21.03.2012
Beverly Hills at the corner of Rodeo Drive & Via Rodeo
Flag of Beverly Hills, California
Flag
Official seal of Beverly Hills, California
Seal
Nickname(s): "Garden Spot of the World", "B.H.", "Bev Hills", "90210"
LA County Incorporated Areas Beverly Hills highlighted
Location of Beverly Hills in Los Angeles County, California
Beverly-Hills-TF
Aerial view, 3D computer generated image
Coordinates: 34°4′23″N 118°23′58″W / 34.07306, -118.39944Coordinates: 34°4′23″N 118°23′58″W / 34.07306, -118.39944
Country Flag of the United States United States of America
State Flag of California California
County Flag of Los Angeles County, California Los Angeles
Incorporated 1914[1]
Government
 • Mayor John A. Mirisch[2]
 • Vice Mayor Lili Bosse[2]
 • City councillors Jeff Kolin[2]
William W. Brien[2]
Julian A. Gold[2]
Nancy Krasne[2]
Area[3]
 • Total 5.710 sq mi (14.790 km2)
 • Land 5.708 sq mi (14.784 km2)
 • Water 0.002 sq mi (0.006 km2)  0.04%
Elevation 259 ft (79 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 34,290[4]
Time zone PST (UTC-8)
 • Summer (DST) PDT a (UTC-7)
ZIP Code(s) 90209, 90210, 90211, 90212, 90213[5]
Area code(s) 310, 323, 424
FIPS code 06-06308
GNIS feature ID 1652672
Website beverlyhills.org

Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the City of Los Angeles. It is home to the shopping district Rodeo Drive.

History[]

Early history[]

Gaspar de Portolà arrived in the area that would become Beverly Hills on August 3, 1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita de Valdez and her husband in 1828. They called their 4,500 acres (18.2 km2) of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas.[6]:7 By the 1880s the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres (0.304 km2) and was being rapidly bought up by anglos from Los Angeles and the East coast.[6]:9

Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it and used it for farming lima beans.[7] At this point the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings.[8]:15

20th century[]

Pickfair-1920

Aerial view of Pickfair, 1920

In 1900, Burton E. Green (1868-1965), Charles A. Canfield (1848-1913), Max Whittier (1867–1928), Frank H. Buck (1887-1942), Henry E. Huntington (1850-1927), William G. Kerckhoff (1856–1929), William F. Herrin (1854-1927), W.S. Porter, and Frank H. Balch, formed the Amalgamated Oil Company, bought the Hammel and Denker ranch, and began looking for oil.[9][10] They didn't find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though.[10] In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property "Beverly Hills," subdivided it, and began selling lots.[10][11] The development was named "Beverly Hills" after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area.[9][10] The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow.[12]

Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time.[13] Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents.[8]:57 It was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills.[14]

Burton Green began construction on the Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911. The hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills, and by 1914 the subdivision had a high enough population to incorporate as an independent city.[9] That same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the land company and incorporated in September, 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land and Water Company.[15]

In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921[16] and nicknamed "Pickfair" by the press.[17] The glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal.[16]

By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue.[18] In 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed.[6]:65 There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford and Fairbanks, Will Rogers[19] and Rudolph Valentino.[20] The Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507.[6]:65

Downtown Beverly Hills At Night

Downtown Beverly Hills at night with Century City in the distance

In 1925 Beverly Hills approved a bond issue to buy 385 acres (1.6 km2) for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to help pay for the new campus.[21] In 1928, the Beverly Wilshire Apartment Hotel (now the Beverly Wilshire Hotel) opened on Wilshire Boulevard between El Camino and Rodeo drives, part of the old Beverly Hills Speedway.[22] That same year oilman Edward L. Doheny finished construction of Greystone Mansion, a 55-room mansion meant as a wedding present for his son Edward L. Doheny, Jr. The house is now owned by the city of Beverly Hills.[23]

In the early 1930s, Santa Monica Park was renamed Beverly Gardens and was extended to span the entire two-mile (3-kilometer) length of Santa Monica Boulevard through the city. The Electric Fountain marks the corner of Santa Monica Blvd. and Wilshire Blvd. with a small sculpture at the top of a Tongva kneeling in prayer. In April 1931, the new Italian Renaissance-style City Hall was opened.[12]:9

In the early 1940s, black actors and businessmen had begun to move into Beverly Hills, despite the covenants allowing only whites to live in the city. A neighborhood improvement association attempted to enforce the covenant in court. The defendants included such luminaries as Hattie McDaniel, Louise Beavers, and Ethel Waters. Among the white residents supporting the lawsuit against blacks was silent film star Harold Lloyd. The NAACP participated in the defense, which was successful. In his decision, federal judge Thurmond Clarke said that it was time that "members of the Negro race are accorded, without reservations or evasions, the full rights guaranteed to them under the 14th amendment."[24] The United States Supreme Court declared restrictive covenants unenforceable in 1948 in Shelley v. Kraemer. A group of Jewish residents of Beverly Hills filed an amicus brief in this case.[25]

In 1956, Paul Trousdale (1915-1990) purchased the grounds of the Doheny Ranch and developed it into the Trousdale Estates, convincing the city of Beverly Hills to annex it.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The neighborhood has been home to Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Tony Curtis, Ray Charles, President Richard Nixon and, more recently, Jennifer Aniston, David Spade, Vera Wang, and John Rich.[29][33][34]

In the late 1990s, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA) proposed to build an extension of the Metro Red Line along Wilshire Boulevard and into downtown Beverly Hills. The city opposed it and it was never built.[35]

21st century[]

In 2001, LACMTA proposed a bus rapid transit route down Santa Monica Blvd., but this was also opposed by the city and never built. Currently this stretch of road is served by less efficient Metro Rapid buses using pre-existing roadways.[35] By 2010, traffic in Beverly Hills and surrounding areas had grown bad enough that the city's habitual opposition had largely turned to support for subways within the city limits.[36] As part of the Westside Subway Extension project, the Purple Line of the LA Metro Rail will be extended through Beverly Hills, adding two underground stations at Wilshire/La Cienega and Wilshire/Rodeo by the 2020s.

Geography[]

Beverly Hills and the neighboring city of West Hollywood are together entirely surrounded by the city of Los Angeles. Specifically, Beverly Hills is bordered on the northwest by the Los Angeles neighborhood of Bel-Air and the Santa Monica Mountains, on the east by West Hollywood, the Carthay neighborhood of Los Angeles, and the Fairfax District of Los Angeles, and on the south by the Beverlywood neighborhood of Los Angeles. The area's "Platinum Triangle" of affluent neighborhoods is formed by the city of Beverly Hills and the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Bel Air and Holmby Hills.

In spite of the city's name, most residents live in the "flats" of Beverly Hills, which is a relatively flat land that includes all of Beverly Hills itself. The houses situated in the hills north of Sunset Boulevard have a much higher value than the average house price for the rest of the city. Some of the most exclusive and expensive homes in Beverly Hills are situated high up in the hills. Santa Monica Boulevard divides the "flats" into two areas, locally known as "North or South of the tracks," referring to the train tracks that were once used by the old Pacific Electric streetcar line that traversed Beverly Hills along Santa Monica Blvd. Houses south of Wilshire Boulevard have more urban square and rectangular lots, in general smaller than those to the north. There are also more apartment buildings south of Wilshire Blvd. than anywhere else in Beverly Hills, and the average house value south of Wilshire is the lowest in Beverly Hills. Nearly all businesses and government offices in Beverly Hills are located south of Santa Monica Blvd., two notable exceptions being the Beverly Hills Hotel and the Beverly Hilton Hotel. Just outside the city limits to the west lies the Los Angeles Country Club. Other locations commonly associated with Beverly Hills include the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and the Beverly Center, just outside the city limits to the east.

Beverly Hills Post Office is an area of Los Angeles that the Beverly Hills Post Office serves and carries the "Beverly Hills, CA 90210" mailing address. The other four, less-celebrated ZIP codes for Beverly Hills are: 90209, 90211, 90212 and 90213.[5]

Climate[]

Beverly Hills has a warm and moderate Mediterranean climate, with an average high of 85 degrees Fahrenheit (29.4 degrees Celsius) in August, and an average high of 64 degrees Fahrenheit (17.8 degrees Celsius) in January. Beverly Hills also receives an average 18 inches (460 mm) of rain per year. Summers are marked by warm to hot temperatures with very little wind, while winters are moderate to cool with occasional rain alternating with periods of Santa Ana winds. Measurable snowfall has been recorded only in 1882, 1922, 1932 and 1949.

Demographics[]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1920 674
1930 17,429 2,485.9%
1940 26,823 53.9%
1950 29,032 8.2%
1960 30,817 6.1%
1970 33,416 8.4%
1980 32,367 −3.1%
1990 31,971 −1.2%
2000 33,784 5.7%
2010 34,109 1.0%
source:[37]

2010[]

The 2010 United States Census[38] reported that Beverly Hills had a population of 34,109. The population density was 5,973.1 people per square mile (2,306.2/km²). The racial makeup of Beverly Hills was 28,112 (82.4%) White, 746 (2.2%) African American, 48 (0.1%) Native American, 3,032 (8.9%) Asian, 12 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 485 (1.4%) from other races, and 1,674 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,941 persons (5.7%).

The Census reported that 33,988 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 121 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 14,869 households, out of which 3,759 (25.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 6,613 (44.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,354 (9.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 494 (3.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 460 (3.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 131 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 5,400 households (36.3%) were made up of individuals and 1,834 (12.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29. There were 8,461 families (56.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.05.

The population was spread out with 6,623 people (19.4%) under the age of 18, 2,526 people (7.4%) aged 18 to 24, 8,540 people (25.0%) aged 25 to 44, 9,904 people (29.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,516 people (19.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.6 years. For every 100 females there were 84.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.

There were 16,394 housing units at an average density of 2,870.9 per square mile (1,108.5/km²), of which 6,561 (44.1%) were owner-occupied, and 8,308 (55.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.0%. 17,740 people (52.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 16,248 people (47.6%) lived in rental housing units.

2000[]

At the 2000 census the population was 33,784 people. The racial makeup of the city was 85.1% White, 7.10% Asian, 1.80% African American, 1.50% from other races, 0.10% Native American and 4.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[39] Beverly Hills is home to a large Persian/Iranian community. According to a 2006 NPR article, Iranians represent 20% of the city's population and 40% of the students in its schools.[40] This includes a small Persian Jewish community.[41] The Census Bureau defines the "White" race category as including "people having origins in any of the original peoples of the Middle East"[42]

In the city the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age for the city was 41 years old.[39]

There were 15,035 households out of which 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 3.02.[39]

Government[]

Local government
City hall model

Early plans for City Hall

Beverly Hills City Hall, LA, CA, jjron 21.03

The Beverly Hills City Hall, built in 1931

Beverly Hills is a general law city governed by a five-member City Council including the mayor and vice mayor. The City Council hires a city manager to carry out policies and serve as executive officer. Every odd-numbered year, either two or three members are elected for four-year terms. Each March the City Council meets and chooses one of its members as mayor and one as vice-mayor. As of 2013, John A. Mirisch is Mayor, Jeff Kolin is Vice Mayor, and the city councillors are Julian A. Gold as well as ex-mayors William W. Brien and Nancy Krasne.[2] The Beverly Hills Police Department and the Beverly Hills Fire Department serve as emergency response for the city.

County, state, and federal representation
BeverlyHillsPostOffice03

Beverly Hills Post Office

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Beverly Hills.[43] The department operates the Simms/Mann Health and Wellness Center in Santa Monica, serving Beverly Hills.[44]

In the state legislature, Beverly Hills is located in the 28th Senate District, represented by Democrat Ted Lieu, and in the 50th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Richard Bloom. Beverly Hills is located in California's 33rd congressional district and is represented by Democrat Henry Waxman.

The United States Postal Service operates the Beverly Hills Post Office at 325 North Maple Drive,[45] the Crescent Post Office at 323 North Crescent Drive,[46] the Beverly Post Office at 312 South Beverly Drive,[47] and the Eastgate Post Office at 8383 Wilshire Boulevard.[48][49] The Beverly Hills Post Office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1985.[50]

The city of Beverly Hills widely opposed Proposition 8, a 2008 ballot measure that took away the right of gay and lesbian couples to marry. The proposition passed statewide, but in Beverly Hills only 34% voted in favor and 66% voted against it.[51]

Economy[]

Hiltonhotelsheadquarters

The former Hilton Hotels Corporation headquarters in Beverly Hills

Beverly Hills is home to one Fortune 500 company, Live Nation Entertainment. Since August 22, 2011, the headquarters of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer have been located in Beverly Hills.[52]

The Los Angeles-area offices of Aeroflot[53] and El Al[54] are in Beverly Hills. At one point, Hilton Hotels Corporation had its corporate headquarters in Beverly Hills. The original headquarters of GeoCities (at first Beverly Hills Internet) was at 9401 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills.[55]

Underneath the city is the large and still-productive Beverly Hills Oil Field, serviced by four urban drilling islands, which drill diagonally into the earth underneath the city. The most notorious of these drilling islands occasioned a 2003 lawsuit representing former attendees of Beverly Hills High School, approximately 280 of which having suffered from cancers allegedly tied to the drilling operations.[56]

Top employers[]

According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[57] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Beverly Hilton Hotel 1,093
2 City of Beverly Hills 1,080
3 Beverly Wilshire Hotel 750
4 Endeavor Talent Agency 750
5 William Morris Agency 711
6 Beverly Hills Unified School District 600
7 Beverly Hills Hotel 520
8 The Peninsula Beverly Hills 460
9 Saks & Co. 340
10 Nelson Shelton & Associates 300

Education[]

Public schools
BHHSSwimGym

Beverly Hills High School Gymnasium

Beverly Hills is served by Beverly Hills Unified School District, which includes four K-8 schools (Hawthorne, El Rodeo, Beverly Vista, and Horace Mann), Moreno High School, and the Beverly Hills High School.

Private schools

Beverly Hills also has several private schools. Good Shepherd School, a PreK-8 school in Beverly Hills, is a part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. Other Beverly Hills private schools include Beverly Hills Preparatory School, Harkham Hillel Hebrew Academy, Emanuel Academy of Beverly Hills, and Page Private School.

Notable people[]

Media[]

Beverly Hills is served by free weekly advertising papers the Beverly Hills Courier and the Beverly Hills Weekly. Beverly Hills also has a public-access television station called KBEV, which is run by the students of Beverly Hills High School.[62]

Landmarks[]

Beverly Hills Sign, LA, CA, jjron 21.03

Sign marking the Beverly Hills city limits

  • Beverly Gardens Park
  • Beverly Hills High School
  • Beverly Hills Hotel
  • Beverly Wilshire Hotel
  • Electric Fountain
  • Greystone Mansion
  • La Cienega Park
  • Pickfair
  • Beverly Hills Women's Club
  • Virginia Robinson Gardens
  • Greenacres
  • Beverly Hills Police Department
  • Roxbury Park
  • Will Rogers Memorial Park
  • Beverly Hills City Hall
  • Walden Drive
  • Rodeo Drive
  • Via Rodeo and Spanish Steps
  • Beverly Hills Public Library

Beverly Hills in popular culture[]

Beverly Hills has been featured in a number of television shows and movies set in Beverly Hills, including:

  • The Jack Benny Program (1950-1965) (and on his radio program from 1932–1955),
  • The Beverly Hillbillies (1962-1971)
  • The Beverly Hills Cop movies
  • Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990 to 2000) and 90210 (2008 – )
  • The opening scene of The Andy Griffith Show showing Sheriff Taylor and Opie carrying fishing poles was shot at the Franklin Canyon Reservoir at the north end of town just west of Coldwater Canyon
  • The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills is a reality show featuring rich women living in and around Beverly Hills

Sister cities[]

References[]

  1. ^ "History of Beverly Hills". City of Beverly Hills. http://www.beverlyhills.org/about/radio/default.asp. Retrieved 25 April 2012. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g The City of Beverly Hills Mayor and Council Members
  3. ^ U.S. Census
  4. ^ "Demographics". City of Beverly Hills. http://www.beverlyhills.org/about/demo.asp. Retrieved 25 April 2012. 
  5. ^ a b "USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Search By City". United States Postal Service. http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp. Retrieved June 18, 2010. 
  6. ^ a b c d Marc Wanamaker (16 November 2005). Early Beverly Hills. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-3068-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=gwMyg0wEdDEC. Retrieved 17 August 2012. 
  7. ^ Joy Horowitz (19 July 2007). Parts Per Million: The Poisoning of Beverly Hills High School. Penguin. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-670-03798-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=WjLUcoe5j00C&pg=PA42. Retrieved 17 August 2012. 
  8. ^ a b Michael Gross (1 November 2011). Unreal Estate: Money, Ambition, and the Lust for Land in Los Angeles. Random House Digital, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-7679-3265-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=ykMXJOD0FyAC&pg=PR15. Retrieved 17 August 2012. 
  9. ^ a b c Alexander Garvin (19 June 2002). The American City. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-07-137367-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=-0h134NR1s0C&pg=PA383. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  10. ^ a b c d Marc Wanamaker, Early Beverly Hills, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2005, pp. 17-18 [1]
  11. ^ Professor Robert M. Fogelson (28 September 2007). Bourgeois Nightmares: Suburbia, 1870-1930. Yale University Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-300-12417-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=iT73NUD-3vEC&pg=PA186. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  12. ^ a b Marc Wanamaker (18 October 2006). Beverly Hills: 1930-2005. Arcadia Publishing. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7385-4659-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=CRZ1dl-p_-4C&pg=PA69. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  13. ^ James W. Loewen (29 September 2005). Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension Of American Racism. The New Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-59558-674-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=FPxJ_aG_B-8C. Retrieved 19 August 2012. 
  14. ^ Andrew Wiese (15 December 2005). Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century. University of Chicago Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-226-89625-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=Uj-aqw8IhWcC&pg=PA42. Retrieved 19 August 2012. 
  15. ^ Railroad Commission of the State of California (1919). Decisions of the Railroad Commission of the State of California. Superintendent of State Printing. p. 897. http://books.google.com/books?id=kRs4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA897. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  16. ^ a b Robert Fishman (31 March 1989). Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise And Fall Of Suburbia. Basic Books. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-465-00747-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=-0AMqfU9bzQC&pg=PA168. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  17. ^ Karie Bible; Marc Wanamaker; Harry Medved (29 November 2010). Location Filming in Los Angeles. Arcadia Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-7385-8132-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=XJTLWHephfwC&pg=PA93. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  18. ^ Debra Ann Pawlak (10 January 2012). Bringing Up Oscar: The Story of the Men and Women Who Founded the Academy. Open Road Media. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4532-2618-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=4oMwz-jS3F8C&pg=PT135. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  19. ^ Norma Zager (1 October 2010). Erin Brockovich and the Beverly Hills Greenscam. Pelican Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-58980-810-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=zh5pGhDb-vYC&pg=PA141. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  20. ^ Clarence Y. H. Lo (23 January 1990). Small Property versus Big Government: Social Origins of the Property Tax Revolt, Expanded and Updated edition. University of California Press. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-520-05971-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=FvAyqpIMHwQC&pg=PA164. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  21. ^ Marina Dundjerski (16 June 2012). UCLA: The First Century. Third Millennium Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-906507-37-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=WbLr-4QteEYC&pg=PA42. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  22. ^ Linda Bauer; Steve Bauer (1 November 2008). Recipes from Historic California: A Restaurant Guide and Cookbook. Taylor Trade Publications. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-58979-348-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=kzfEk4PfVlAC&pg=PA199. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  23. ^ Scott B. MacDonald; Jane Elizabeth Hughes (28 February 2009). Separating Fools from Their Money: A History of American Financial Scandals. Transaction Publishers. p. 100n. ISBN 978-1-4128-1054-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=pV9cGvEb3ocC&pg=PA100. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  24. ^ Stephen Grant Meyer (1 October 2001). As Long As They Don't Move Next Door: Segregation and Racial Conflict in American Neighborhoods. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-8476-9701-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=FCrouSLl3pYC&pg=PA76. Retrieved 19 August 2012. 
  25. ^ Steve Sheppard (1 April 2007). The History of Legal Education in the United States: Commentaries And Primary Sources. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd.. p. 948n. ISBN 978-1-58477-690-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=XQgrjw9qiqcC&pg=PA948. Retrieved 19 August 2012. 
  26. ^ Myrna Oliver, Lucy Doheny Battson, 100; Family Made Fortune in Oil, The Los Angeles Times, June 22, 1993
  27. ^ Mary Ann Bonino, The Doheny Mansion: A Biography of a Home, 2008, p. 65 [2]
  28. ^ Don Sloper, Los Angeles's Chester Place, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, p. 65 [3]
  29. ^ a b Erika Riggs, Elvis' Beverly Hills home goes on the market, NBC
  30. ^ Marc Wanamaker, Early Beverly Hills, Arcadia Publishing, 2005, p. 51 [4]
  31. ^ Ann Herold, Trousdale Estates, Los Angeles, January 09, 2012
  32. ^ Trousdale Estates Homeowners Association: History and Other Facts
  33. ^ Max Feeney, Nixon at the Movies: A Book about Belief, Chicago, Illiois: University of Chicago Press, 2012, p. 38 [5]
  34. ^ Lauren Beale, Hot Property: TV and film director John Rich lists Trousdale Estates home at $11.9 million, The Los Angeles Times, June 06, 2011
  35. ^ a b Joseph P. Schwieterman (30 September 2004). When the Railroad Leaves Town: American Communities in the Age of Rail Line Abandonment. Truman State Univ Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-1-931112-14-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=kzk_m4P9Y6kC&pg=PA32. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  36. ^ Austin Troy (10 January 2012). The Very Hungry City: Urban Energy Efficiency and the Economic Fate of Cities. Yale University Press. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-300-16231-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=veq_IKVtuZcC&pg=PA201. Retrieved 18 August 2012. 
  37. ^ "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING (1790–2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/decennial/index.html. Retrieved July 30, 2010. 
  38. ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
  39. ^ a b c "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  40. ^ Living in Tehrangeles: L.A.'s Iranian Community – NPR. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
  41. ^ Kevin West (2009, July), "The Persian Conquest". W (magazine), ISSN 0162-9115. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
  42. ^ Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin – United States Census Bureau, March 2001. (Document C2KBR/01-1, p. 2). Retrieved 2010-04-29.
  43. ^ "SPA5 – West Area Health Office." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
  44. ^ "Simms/Mann Health and Wellness Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
  45. ^ "Post Office Location – BEVERLY HILLS". United States Postal Service. http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/60799?p=1&s=CA&service_name=post_office&z=Beverly+Hills. Retrieved April 29, 2010. 
  46. ^ "Post Office Location – CRESCENT". United States Postal Service. http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/25071?p=1&s=CA&service_name=post_office&z=Beverly+Hills. Retrieved April 29, 2010. 
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Bibliography[]

  • Beverly Hills: 1930–2005 By Marc Wanamaker ISBN 0095299717441999
  • Beverly Hills: An Illustrated History by Genevieve Davis ISBN 978-0-89781-238-2
  • Beverly Hills: Inside the Golden Ghetto By Walter WagnerPublished 1976
  • "History of Beverly Hills." BY Pierce E. Bendict. Published 1934.

External links[]

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This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Beverly Hills, California. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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