Nationalist movements in the Middle East

Islamism, though a form of religious nationalism, is normally contrasted with and treated as distinct from other nationalist movements in the Middle East and the Islamic Ummah. To a lesser degree, the same is true of the once influential pan-Arabist movement, which originated in Egypt, a form of both pan-nationalism and Arab nationalism. The presence of Christian nationalism in the region is more limited, but significant in Lebanon. Zionism, some varieties of which are religious, is a form of Jewish nationalism, which in the Middle East is limited almost fully to the State of Israel.