External links
- https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/soc.genealogy.medieval/LuxIQtuqqEQ - discussion on Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval suggesting that he had only a dozen or so proven ancestors
- https://www.geni.com/projects/14-proven-ancestors-of-Charlemagne/30716 listing what it calls the only 16 proven ancestors - 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 16 17 32 33 34 35.
See Talk:Charlemagne_(747-814)/tree for discussion.