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| Comal County, Texas | ||
 The 3.5 story Romanesque Revival style Comal County Courthouse in New Braunfels was built in 1898.
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 Location in the state of Texas | ||
 Texas's location in the U.S. | ||
| Founded | 1846 | |
|---|---|---|
| Seat | New Braunfels | |
| Largest city | New Braunfels | |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
575 sq mi (1,489 km²) 559 sq mi (1,448 km²) 15 sq mi (39 km²), 2.7% | |
| Population - (2020) - Density |
161,501 252/sq mi (97/km²) | |
| Congressional districts | 21st, 35th | |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 | |
| Website | www.co.comal.tx.us | |
Comal County ( /ˈkoʊmæl/ KOH-mal) is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 161,501.[1] Comal County is known for its rich German-Texan and European history.[2] Its county seat is New Braunfels.[3]
Comal County is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Along with Hays and Kendall Counties, Comal was listed in 2017 of the nation's 10 fastest-growing large counties with a population of at least 10,000. In 2017, Comal County was second on the list; it grew by 5,675 newcomers, or 4.4% from 2015 to 2016. Kendall County was the second-fastest growing county in the nation in 2015 to 2016, grew by 5.16%. Hays County, third on the national list, had nearly 10,000 new residents during the year. As a result of this growth, the counties have experienced new home construction, traffic congestion, and greater demand for public services. Bexar County, which includes San Antonio, grew by 1.75% during the year, but its number of new residents exceeded 33,000.[4]
History[]
- Early native American inhabitants include Tonkawa, Waco, Karankawa and Lipan Apache.[5]
- 1700-1758 The area becomes known as “Comal”, Spanish for “flat dish”. Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe Mission at Comal Springs.[5][6]
- 1825 Coahuila y Tejas issues land grant for Comal Springs to Juan Martín de Veramendi.[6]
- 1842 Adelsverein organized in Germany to promote emigration to Texas.[7] Fisher-Miller Land Grant sets aside three million acres (12,000 km2) to settle 600 families and single men of German, Dutch, Swiss, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian ancestry in Texas.[8]
- 1844, June 26 - Henry Francis Fisher sells interest in land grant to Adelsverein[9]
- 1845 Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels secures title to 1,265 acres (5.119 km2) of the Veramendi grant, including the Comal Springs and River, for the Adelsverein. Thousands of German immigrants are stranded at port of disembarkation Indianaola on Matagorda Bay. With no food or shelters, living in holes dug into the ground, an estimated 50% die from disease or starvation. The living begin to walk to their destinations hundreds of miles away. 200 German colonists who walked from Indianola found the town of New Braunfels at the crossing of the San Antonio-Nacogdches Road on the Guadalupe River. John O. Meusebach arrives in Galveston.[10][11][12][13]
- 1846 March - Texas legislature forms Comal County from the Eighth Precinct of Bexar County. New Braunfels is the county seat.[5][14]
- 1850 Survey of 130 German farms in Comal reveals no slave laborers.[5]
- 1852 Neu-Braunfelser Zeitung begins publication, initially only in German, deriving its name 16th Century Germany's prototype of a newspaper titled Zeitung.[15]
- 1854 County is divided into eight public school districts.[5] The Texas State Convention of Germans meet in San Antonio and adopt a political, social and religious platform, including: 1) Equal pay for equal work; 2) Direct election of the President of the United States; 3) Abolition of capital punishment; 4) “Slavery is an evil, the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles..”; 5) Free schools – including universities - supported by the state, without religious influence; and 6) Total separation of church and state.[16][17]
- 1858 Final county boundaries determination with the separation of part of western Comal County to Blanco and Kendall counties. New Braunfels votes in a school tax.[5]
- 1861 Comal County votes for secession from the Union. Contributes three all-German volunteer companies to the Confederate cause.[5]
- 1887 Faust Street Bridge built over the Guadalupe River.[18]
- 1898 Comal County limestone courthouse erected. Romanesque Revival style. Architect James Riely Gordon.[19]
- 1920s - County establishes itself as a manufacturing and shipping center for textiles, garments, flour, and construction materials.[5]
- 1960 Four students at St. Mary's University San Antonio discover Natural Bridge Caverns, the largest known commercial caverns in the state of Texas.[20]
- 1961 Comal's first Wurstfest draws a crowd of 2,000.[21][22]
- 1964 Canyon Lake impoundment, boosting tourism and related industries.[23]
Darmstadt Society of Forty[]
- For more details on this topic, see List of Darmstadt Society of Forty.
Count Castell[24] of the Adelsverein negotiated with the separate Darmstadt Society of Forty to colonize 200 families on the Fisher–Miller Land Grant territory in Texas. In return, they were to receive $12,000 in money, livestock, and equipment, and provisions for a year. After the first year, the colonies were expected to support themselves.[25] The colonies attempted were Castell,[26] Leiningen, Bettina,[27] Schoenburg and Meerholz in Llano County; Darmstädler Farm in Comal County; and Tusculum in Kendall County.[28] Of these, only Castell survives. The colonies failed after the Adelsverein funding expired, and also due to conflict of structure and authorities. Some members moved to other Adelsverein settlements in Texas. Others moved elsewhere, or returned to Germany.
Geography[]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 575 square miles (1,490 km2), of which 559 square miles (1,450 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (2.7%) is water.[29]
The Balcones Escarpment runs northeastward through the county, generally just west of Interstate 35. West of the escarpment are the rocky hills and canyons of the Texas Hill Country; to the east are the rolling grasslands of the coastal plains.
The Guadalupe River flows generally southeastward through the county, and is impounded by Canyon Lake. The Comal River rises from the Comal Springs in New Braunfels, and quickly joins the Guadalupe River.
Adjacent counties[]
- Blanco County (north)
- Hays County (northeast)
- Guadalupe County (southeast)
- Bexar County (southwest)
- Kendall County (northwest)
Transportation[]
Major highways[]
Interstate 35- U.S. Highway 281
- State Highway 46
Airports[]
- For more details on this topic, see List of airports in Texas.
Demographics[]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 1,723 | ||
| 1860 | 4,030 | 133.9% | |
| 1870 | 5,283 | 31.1% | |
| 1880 | 5,546 | 5.0% | |
| 1890 | 6,398 | 15.4% | |
| 1900 | 7,008 | 9.5% | |
| 1910 | 8,434 | 20.3% | |
| 1920 | 8,824 | 4.6% | |
| 1930 | 11,984 | 35.8% | |
| 1940 | 12,321 | 2.8% | |
| 1950 | 16,357 | 32.8% | |
| 1960 | 19,844 | 21.3% | |
| 1970 | 24,165 | 21.8% | |
| 1980 | 36,446 | 50.8% | |
| 1990 | 51,832 | 42.2% | |
| 2000 | 78,021 | 50.5% | |
| 2010 | 108,472 | 39.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[30] 1850–2010[31] 2010–2020[1] | |||
As of the census[32] of 2010, there were 108,472 people, 29,066 households, and 21,886 families residing in the county. The population density was 139 people per square mile (54/km2). There were 32,718 housing units at an average density of 58 per square mile (22/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 89.08% White, 0.95% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 6.98% from other races, and 1.96% from two or more races. 22.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 29,066 households, out of which 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.80% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.70% were non-families. 20.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.05.
A Williams Institute analysis of 2010 census data found there were about 4.4 same-sex couples per 1,000 households in the county.[33]
In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.50% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 25.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $46,147, and the median income for a family was $52,455. Males had a median income of $36,048 versus $25,940 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,914. About 6.40% of families and 8.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.50% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.
Politics[]
Comal is a strongly Republican county: the last Democrat to carry it being Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, and no others have done so since Franklin Roosevelt’s 1936 landslide when he won every Texas county bar traditionally Unionist Gillespie and Kendall and took 87.31 percent of the Lone Star State’s vote. In earlier periods, the county’s German heritage meant it often deviated from “Solid South” Democratic voting: in 1924 Robert M. La Follette won 73.96 percent of Comal County’s vote (versus 6.52 percent for all of Texas), which made it his strongest county nationwide, and in 1920 American candidate James “Pa” Ferguson carried the county with 841 votes to 765 for Warren G. Harding.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 62,740 | 70.58% | 24,826 | 27.93% | 1,326 | 1.49% |
| 2016 | 45,136 | 72.59% | 14,238 | 22.90% | 2,804 | 4.51% |
| 2012 | 39,318 | 76.30% | 11,450 | 22.22% | 761 | 1.48% |
| 2008 | 35,233 | 73.01% | 12,384 | 25.66% | 644 | 1.33% |
| 2004 | 31,574 | 76.93% | 9,153 | 22.30% | 316 | 0.77% |
| 2000 | 24,599 | 75.12% | 7,131 | 21.78% | 1,018 | 3.11% |
| 1996 | 16,763 | 64.33% | 7,132 | 27.37% | 2,162 | 8.30% |
| 1992 | 12,651 | 50.72% | 6,312 | 25.31% | 5,978 | 23.97% |
| 1988 | 13,994 | 70.04% | 5,716 | 28.61% | 270 | 1.35% |
| 1984 | 13,452 | 76.07% | 4,179 | 23.63% | 52 | 0.29% |
| 1980 | 9,758 | 71.15% | 3,554 | 25.92% | 402 | 2.93% |
| 1976 | 6,377 | 60.42% | 4,068 | 38.54% | 109 | 1.03% |
| 1972 | 6,761 | 78.36% | 1,823 | 21.13% | 44 | 0.51% |
| 1968 | 3,646 | 54.34% | 2,338 | 34.84% | 726 | 10.82% |
| 1964 | 2,223 | 37.84% | 3,644 | 62.03% | 8 | 0.14% |
| 1960 | 3,082 | 62.38% | 1,845 | 37.34% | 14 | 0.28% |
| 1956 | 3,397 | 74.54% | 1,140 | 25.02% | 20 | 0.44% |
| 1952 | 3,350 | 72.73% | 1,252 | 27.18% | 4 | 0.09% |
| 1948 | 1,752 | 56.99% | 1,212 | 39.43% | 110 | 3.58% |
| 1944 | 2,021 | 67.61% | 787 | 26.33% | 181 | 6.06% |
| 1940 | 1,852 | 68.44% | 851 | 31.45% | 3 | 0.11% |
| 1936 | 554 | 25.52% | 1,611 | 74.21% | 6 | 0.28% |
| 1932 | 176 | 7.33% | 2,211 | 92.05% | 15 | 0.62% |
| 1928 | 508 | 21.14% | 1,893 | 78.78% | 2 | 0.08% |
| 1924 | 312 | 12.66% | 330 | 13.39% | 1,823 | 73.96% |
| 1920 | 765 | 42.03% | 181 | 9.95% | 874 | 48.02% |
| 1916 | 743 | 61.25% | 432 | 35.61% | 38 | 3.13% |
| 1912 | 157 | 16.83% | 602 | 64.52% | 174 | 18.65% |
The county is part of the 21st District in the United States House of Representatives, represented by Republican Chip Roy, the 25th district of the Texas State Senate, represented by Republican Donna Campbell, and the 73rd District of the Texas House of Representatives and is represented by Republican Kyle Biedermann. Biedermann's predecessors in the House seat are Republicans. They include Nathan Macias, a businessman from Bulverde, Carter Casteel, a former Comal County county judge and a lawyer in New Braunfels, and Doug Miller, a former mayor of New Braunfels.
Communities[]
Cities (multiple counties)[]
- Fair Oaks Ranch (partly in Bexar and Kendall counties)
- New Braunfels (county seat) (mostly in Comal County but also in Guadalupe County as well)
- Schertz (partly in Guadalupe and Bexar counties)
- Selma (mostly in Bexar and Guadalupe counties)
Cities[]
- Bulverde
- Garden Ridge
- Spring Branch
Census-designated place[]
- Canyon Lake
Other unincorporated communities[]
- Bracken
- Fischer
Ghost towns[]
- Canyon City
- Wesson
Education[]
School districts in Comal County:
- Boerne Independent School District
- Comal Independent School District
- New Braunfels Independent School District
All of the county is in the service area of Alamo Community College District.[35]
In popular culture[]
- The Randy Rogers Band song "Comal County Line" is about the county.
- The Jason Boland song "Comal County Blue" is about the county.
See also[]
- Comal County Sheriff's Office
- Adelsverein
- German Texan
- Honey Creek (Texas)
- List of museums in Central Texas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Comal County, Texas
- Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Comal County
References[]
- ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48091.html.
- ^ "TSHA | Germans". https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/germans.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx.
- ^ Zeke MacCormack, "Folks flocking to area counties: Kendall, Comal, and Hays are on the top 10 list", San Antonio Express-News, March 24, 2017, pp. 1, A11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Greene, Daniel P (2010-06-12). "Comal County". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcc19.
- ^ a b Ladd, Kevin (2009). Gone to Texas: Genealogical Abstracts from The Telegraph and Texas Register, 1835-1841. Heritage Books Inc.. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-7884-0005-6.
- ^ Brister, Louis E. (2010-06-09). "Adelsverein". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ufa01.
- ^ Ramos, Mary G. "The German Settlements in Central Texas". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. http://www.texasalmanac.com/history/highlights/german/.
- ^ Kohout, Martin Donnell (2010-06-15). "Gillespie County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcg04.
- ^ "Indianola, Texas". Blueprints For Travel, LLC. http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasGhostTowns/IndianolaTexas/IndianolaTx.htm.
- ^ Block, W T. "The Story of our Texas' German Pilgrims". Blueprints For Travel, LLC. http://www.texasescapes.com/WTBlock/Texas-German-Pilgrims-Death-March-to-Comal-County.htm.
- ^ "Near River Crossing Used by New Braunfels' First Settlers - New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas". William Nienke, Sam Morrow. http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5091003561.
- ^ Smith, Cornelia Marshall; Tetzlaff, Otto W (2010-06-15). "Meusebach, John O". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fme33.
- ^ "New Braunfels, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasHillCountryTowns/NewBraunfelsTexas/NewBraunfelsTx.htm.
- ^ Bernhard, Jim (2007). Porcupine, Picayune, & Post: How Newspapers Get Their Names. University of Missouri Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-8262-1748-6. https://archive.org/details/porcupinepicayun00bern.
- ^ (April 1930) "The Texas State Convention of Germans in 1854". Southwestern Historical Quarterly 33 (4): 247–261.
- ^ "Nimitz, Charles and Sophia". Der Stadt Friedhof. Gillespie County Historical Association. http://www.fbgtxgensoc.org/photos/sta6/pages/Nimitz,Charles&Sophia_jpg.html.
- ^ "Faust Street Bridge". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasHillCountryTowns/NewBraunfelsTexas/NewBraunfelsTx.htm#bridge.
- ^ "Comal County Courthouse". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasHillCountryTowns/NewBraunfelsTexas/NewBraunfelsTx2ComalCountyCourthouse.htm.
- ^ "Natural Bridge Caverns - New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas". Texas State Historical Markers. William Nienke, Sam Morrow. http://www.9key.com/markers/marker_detail.asp?atlas_number=5091003552.
- ^ "Wurstfest History". Greater New Braunfels Chamber of Commerce. http://www.wurstfest.com/wurststory.htm.
- ^ Permenter, Paris; Bigley, John (2006). Day Trips from San Antonio. GPP Travel. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7627-3868-7.
- ^ "Canyon Lake". Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/fishboat/fish/recreational/lakes/canyon/.
- ^ Brister, Louis E (2010-06-12). "Count Carl of Castell-Castell". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcaap.
- ^ King (1967) p.122
- ^ Heckert-Greene, James B (2010-06-12). "Castell, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hnc23.
- ^ Lich, Glen E (2010-06-12). "Bettina, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hvb55.
- ^ Lich, Glen E (2010-06-12). "The Forty". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pnf02.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html.
- ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010". Texas Almanac. http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov.
- ^ Leonhardt, David; Quealy, Kevin (June 26, 2015), "Where Same-Sex Couples Live", The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/27/upshot/supreme-court-gay-marriage-ruling-where-same-sex-couples-live.html?_r=0&abt=0002&abg=0, retrieved July 6, 2015
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS.
- ^ Texas Education Code, Sec. 130.162. ALAMO COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA..
External links[]
- Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey (Comal Co)
- Comal County government’s website Archived March 27, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
- Comal County from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Canyon Lake Area Chamber of Commerce
- Historic materials from Comal County, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
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Kendall County | Blanco County | Hays County |
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   Comal County, Texas | ||||
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| Bexar County | Guadalupe County |
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