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Cumberland County, Pennsylvania | ||
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Location in the state of Pennsylvania | ||
Pennsylvania's location in the U.S. | ||
Founded | January 27, 1750 | |
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Seat | Carlisle | |
Largest city | Carlisle | |
Area - Total - Land - Water |
551 sq mi (1,427 km²) 550 sq mi (1,424 km²) 1 sq mi (3 km²), 0.18% | |
Population - (2020) - Density |
259,469 428/sq mi (165.3/km²) | |
Website | www.ccpa.net |
Cumberland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and is one of three counties comprising the Harrisburg–Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2020, the population was 259,469.
History[]
Cumberland County was first settled by a majority of Scots-Irish immigrants who arrived in this area about 1730. English and German settlers constituted about ten percent of the early population. The settlers originally mostly devoted the area to farming and later developed other trades.[1] These settlers built the Middle Spring Presbyterian Church, among the oldest houses of worship in central Pennsylvania, in 1738 near present day Shippensburg, Pennsylvania.
The General Assembly (legislature) of the Pennsylvania colony on January 27, 1750, created Cumberland County from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, naming it for Cumberland, England. Its county seat is Carlisle[2]. The county also lies within the Cumberland Valley adjoining the Susquehanna River at its eastern border, stretching approximately 42 miles from the borough of Shippensburg on the west to the Susquehanna River in east Cumberland County.
The oldest towns in the county are Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, and Carlisle, Pennsylvania, each with its unique history. Shippensburg is home to Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, one of 14 universities of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. Carlisle is also home to Dickinson College, established in 1773, and the Penn State Dickinson School of Law.
The United States Army War College is a United States Army school located in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on the 500 acre (2 km²) campus of the historic Carlisle Barracks, a military post dating back to the 1770s. It caters to high-level military personnel and civilians and prepares them for strategic leadership responsibilities. It is the U. S. Army's most senior military educational institution.
During the Gettysburg campaign of the American Civil War in the summer of 1863, Confederate troops marched through the Cumberland Valley, briefly occupying much of Cumberland County.
In the 20th century, the suburbs of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state capital, expanded extensively into eastern Cumberland County. Carlisle also developed suburbs in adjoining townships.
Geography[]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 551 square miles (1,427.1 km2), of which 550 square miles (1,424.5 km2) is land and 1 square mile (2.6 km2) (0.18%) is water.
Adjacent counties[]
- Perry County (north)
- Dauphin County (east)
- York County (southeast)
- Adams County (southwest)
- Franklin County (west)
Major highways[]
Recreation[]
There are three Pennsylvania state parks in Cumberland County.
- Colonel Denning State Park
- Kings Gap Environmental Education and Training Center
- Pine Grove Furnace State Park
Demographics[]
Historical populations | |||
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Census | Pop. | %± | |
1790 | 18,208 | ||
1800 | 25,386 | 39.4% | |
1810 | 26,757 | 5.4% | |
1820 | 23,606 | −11.8% | |
1830 | 29,226 | 23.8% | |
1840 | 30,953 | 5.9% | |
1850 | 34,327 | 10.9% | |
1860 | 40,098 | 16.8% | |
1870 | 43,912 | 9.5% | |
1880 | 45,977 | 4.7% | |
1890 | 47,271 | 2.8% | |
1900 | 50,344 | 6.5% | |
1910 | 54,479 | 8.2% | |
1920 | 58,578 | 7.5% | |
1930 | 68,236 | 16.5% | |
1940 | 74,806 | 9.6% | |
1950 | 94,457 | 26.3% | |
1960 | 124,816 | 32.1% | |
1970 | 158,177 | 26.7% | |
1980 | 178,541 | 12.9% | |
1990 | 195,257 | 9.4% | |
2000 | 213,670 | 9.4% | |
2010 | 235,406 | 10.2% | |
Data from 1790 to 1960 from [1]. Included territory of Perry County, Pennsylvania, until 1820. Perry County split in 1820 with 11,342 residents in 1820. |
As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 213,674 people, 83,015 households, and 56,118 families residing in the county. The population density was 388 people per square mile (150/km²). There were 86,951 housing units at an average density of 158 per square mile (61/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.40% White, 2.36% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 1.67% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. 1.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 35.3% were of German, 10.6% American, 10.1% Irish, 7.5% English and 6.8% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 94.7% spoke English and 1.4% Spanish as their first language.
There were 83,015 households out of which 29.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.50% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 26.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the county, the population was spread out with 22.00% under the age of 18, 10.60% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males.
Its per capita income is $31,627, making it the wealthiest Pennsylvania county outside greater Philadelphia, and fifth wealthiest overall.
Government and politics[]
For most of its history, Cumberland County has been a Republican Party stronghold in presidential elections, with only nine Democratic Party candidates having managed to win the county from 1880 to the present day. The most recent Democrat to win the county in a presidential election was Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 as he won in a landslide statewide & nationally. As a testament to the county's status as a Republican Party stronghold, Barack Obama in 2008 and Joe Biden in 2020 are the lone Democrats to win forty percent of the county's votes since Johnson's 1964 win.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
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No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 77,212 | 54.30% | 62,245 | 43.78% | 2,730 | 1.92% |
2016 | 69,076 | 55.94% | 47,085 | 38.13% | 7,325 | 5.93% |
2012 | 64,809 | 58.29% | 44,367 | 39.90% | 2,015 | 1.81% |
2008 | 63,739 | 56.00% | 48,306 | 42.44% | 1,780 | 1.56% |
2004 | 67,648 | 63.77% | 37,928 | 35.75% | 506 | 0.48% |
2000 | 54,802 | 62.17% | 31,053 | 35.23% | 2,289 | 2.60% |
1996 | 43,943 | 55.63% | 28,749 | 36.40% | 6,293 | 7.97% |
1992 | 43,447 | 51.37% | 26,635 | 31.49% | 14,491 | 17.13% |
1988 | 47,292 | 65.29% | 24,613 | 33.98% | 528 | 0.73% |
1984 | 49,282 | 69.29% | 21,374 | 30.05% | 467 | 0.66% |
1980 | 41,152 | 61.18% | 19,789 | 29.42% | 6,319 | 9.39% |
1976 | 39,950 | 62.16% | 23,008 | 35.80% | 1,312 | 2.04% |
1972 | 42,099 | 72.87% | 14,562 | 25.20% | 1,114 | 1.93% |
1968 | 32,908 | 61.54% | 15,467 | 28.93% | 5,097 | 9.53% |
1964 | 23,685 | 46.88% | 26,633 | 52.71% | 207 | 0.41% |
1960 | 35,636 | 68.79% | 15,968 | 30.83% | 197 | 0.38% |
1956 | 29,468 | 68.10% | 13,651 | 31.55% | 153 | 0.35% |
1952 | 26,302 | 67.17% | 12,762 | 32.59% | 91 | 0.23% |
1948 | 18,028 | 60.71% | 11,421 | 38.46% | 246 | 0.83% |
1944 | 17,782 | 59.30% | 12,068 | 40.25% | 134 | 0.45% |
1940 | 15,297 | 49.15% | 15,758 | 50.63% | 68 | 0.22% |
1936 | 14,912 | 43.83% | 18,850 | 55.41% | 259 | 0.76% |
1932 | 13,098 | 50.86% | 12,086 | 46.93% | 567 | 2.20% |
1928 | 19,170 | 78.08% | 5,189 | 21.14% | 192 | 0.78% |
1924 | 10,196 | 53.22% | 7,643 | 39.89% | 1,321 | 6.89% |
1920 | 8,579 | 54.73% | 6,455 | 41.18% | 640 | 4.08% |
1916 | 5,296 | 42.96% | 6,432 | 52.17% | 601 | 4.87% |
1912 | 2,566 | 21.91% | 5,023 | 42.89% | 4,123 | 35.20% |
1908 | 6,261 | 51.35% | 5,403 | 44.32% | 528 | 4.33% |
1904 | 7,138 | 56.74% | 5,038 | 40.05% | 404 | 3.21% |
1900 | 5,587 | 49.06% | 5,428 | 47.66% | 374 | 3.28% |
1896 | 6,178 | 52.30% | 5,202 | 44.04% | 432 | 3.66% |
1892 | 4,520 | 44.06% | 5,446 | 53.09% | 293 | 2.86% |
1888 | 4,693 | 45.36% | 5,386 | 52.05% | 268 | 2.59% |
1884 | 4,659 | 45.74% | 5,375 | 52.77% | 151 | 1.48% |
1880 | 4,431 | 44.17% | 5,462 | 54.45% | 138 | 1.38% |
As of November 1, 2021, there are 182,729 registered voters in Cumberland County.[5]
- Republican: 89,697 (49.09%)
- Democratic: 67,062 (34.32%)
- Independent: 21,808 (11.93%)
- Third Parties: 8,519 (4.66%)
The Republican Party has been dominant in Cumberland County politics since before the American Civil War, with the victories of Robert P. Casey for governor in 1990, Bob Casey Jr. for state treasurer in 2004 and Tom Wolf for governor in 2018 being among the few times where a statewide Democrat carried the county. The county commissioner majority, all row offices, and all legislative seats serving Cumberland are held by Republicans.
County commissioners[]
- Vince DiFilippo, Republican
- Jean Foschi, Democrat
- Gary Eichelberger, Chairman, Republican[6]
Other county offices[]
- Clerk of Courts, Dennis Lebo, Republican
- Controller, Alfred Whitcomb, Republican
- Coroner Charles Hall, Republican
- District Attorney, M.L."Skip" Ebert, Republican
- Prothonotary, Dale Sabadish, Republican
- Recorder of Deeds, Tammy L. Shearer, Republican
- Register of Wills, Lisa M. Grayson, Esq., Republican
- Sheriff, R. Ron Anderson, Republican
- Treasurer, John Gross, Republican
State Representatives[]
- Mark K. Keller, Republican, 86th district
- Greg Rothman, Republican, 87th district
- Sheryl M. Delozier, Republican, 88th district
- Dawn W. Keefer, Republican, 92nd district
- Torren C. Ecker Republican, 193rd district
- Barbara Gleim, Republican, 199th district[7]
State Senators[]
- Judy Ward, Republican, 30th district
- Mike Regan, Republican, 31st district
- Doug Mastriano, Republican, 33rd district[7]
United States House of Representatives[]
- Scott Perry, Republican, 10th district
- John Joyce, Republican, 13th district
United States Senate[]
- Pat Toomey, Republican
- Bob Casey, Democrat
Municipalities[]
Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in at most two cases, towns. The following boroughs and townships are located in Cumberland County:
Boroughs[]
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Townships[]
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Unincorporated communities and Census-designated places[]
Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.
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Education[]
Colleges and universities[]
- Central Pennsylvania College
- Dickinson College
- Messiah College
- Penn State Dickinson School of Law
- Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania
- U.S. Army War College
Community, Junior and Technical Colleges[]
- ITT Technical Institute
Public School Districts[]
- Big Spring School District
- Camp Hill School District
- Carlisle Area School District
- Cumberland Valley School District
- East Pennsboro Area School District
- Mechanicsburg Area School District
- Shippensburg Area School District
- South Middleton School District
- West Shore School District
Public Charter Schools[]
Area Vocational Technical School[]
- Cumberland-Perry AVTS
Head Start PreSchool Programs[]
Head Start is a federally and stats funded preschool program for low income children. The programs serve 3 and 4 year olds. In order to participate the family income must be below federal poverty guidelines.[10]
- Capital Area Head Start
- Shippensburg Head Start Program
Private Schools[]
As reported by the National Center for Educational Statistics[11]
- Allen Mennonite School - Dillsburg
- Berean Christian Day School - Newville
- Best Friends - New Cumberland
- Bethel Christian Academy - Carlisle
- Bible Baptist School - Shiremanstown
- Blue Ridge Mennonite School - Carlisle
- Brookside Montessori School - Camp Hill
- Chesterbrook Academy - Camp Hill
- Chestnut Groove School - Shippensburg
- Children's School of New Cumberland - New Cumberland
- Dickinson College Children's Center - Carlisle
- Emmanuel Baptist Christian Academy - Mechanicsburg
- Faith Tabernacle School - Mechanicsburg
- Good Shepherd Elementary School - Camp Hill
- Harrisburg Academy - Wormleysburg
- Hickory Lane School - Newburg
- Hidden Valley School - Carlisle
- Kindercare Learning Center - Mechanicsburg
- Learning and Sharing - New Cumberland
- Living Faith School - Shippensburg
- Meadow Run - Newburg
- Mechanicsburg Learning Center - Mechanicsburg
- Middle Run Parochial School - Shippensburg
- Oak Grove Parochial School - Shippensburg
- Oakwood Baptist Day School - Camp Hill
- Otterbein School - Newburg
- Quarry Hill School - Newville
- Rocky View School Parochial - Newville
- South Mountain Parochial School - Shippensburg
- South Mountain Parochial School - Newville
- Spring HIll Parochial School - Shipensburg
- St. Joseph School - Mechaniscburg
- St Patrick School - Carlisle
- St Theresa Elementary School - New Cumberland
- Sunset Amish School - Newburg
- The Children's Garden of St Johns Lutheran Church - Shiremanstown
- The Christian School of Grace Baptist Church - Carlisle
- The Goddard School - Enola
- The Goddard School - Mechanicsburg
- The Learning Center - Camp Hill
- Trinity High School - Camp Hill
- Yellow Breeches Education Center - Boiling Springs
Public Libraries[]
- Cumberland County Library System
- Amelia S. Givin Free Library
- Bosler Memorial Library
- East Pennsboro Branch Library
- Cleve J. Fredricksen Public Library
- John Graham Public Library
- New Cumberland Public Library
- Shippensburg Public Library
- Joseph T. Simpson Public Library
See also[]
- Harrisburg Regional Chamber
- List of municipal authorities in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
References[]
- ^ Wayland F. Dunaway, The Scotch-Irish of Colonial Pennsylvania; University of North Carolina Press, 1944, p. 60.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS.
- ^ "Voter registration statistics by county". 2021-11-02. https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/OtherServicesEvents/VotingElectionStatistics/Documents/currentvotestats.xls.. Dos.state.pa.us. Retrieved on 2021-11-02.
- ^ "Meet the Commissioners | Cumberland County, PA - Official Website" (in en). https://www.ccpa.net/1938/Meet-the-Commissioners.
- ^ a b Center, Legislativate Data Processing. "Find Your Legislator" (in en). http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/home/findyourlegislator/county_list.cfm?CNTYLIST=Cumberland.
- ^ Palleschi, Amanda. Enrollment in cyber charter schools booming in Pennsylvania despite friction with school districts, The Patriot News, November 30, 2009
- ^ Pennsylvania Department of Education - Operating Charter Schools in Pennsylvania Report. September 2009.
- ^ 2009-Cumberland County Report Card Early Childhood Education. United Way of Carlisle and Cumberland County. June 2009
- ^ ies, National Center for Education Statistics, US Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, Private School Universe Survey 2008
External links[]
- County of Cumberland (official website)
- Cumberland County Economic Development
- Cumberland County Young Professionals
- Cumberland Valley Visitors Bureau
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