Essex County, Massachusetts

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This article is about the county in Massachusetts. For the town in this county, see Essex, Massachusetts. For the county in England, see Essex. For all other uses, see Essex (disambiguation).

Essex County, Massachusetts
Former Essex County Courthouse in Salem
Seal
Location in the state of Massachusetts
Massachusetts's location in the U.S.
Founded	1643
Named for	Essex
Seat	Salem and Lawrence
Largest city	Lynn
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water	828 sq mi (2,145 km²) 493 sq mi (1,277 km²) 336 sq mi (870 km²), 41%
PopulationEst.  - (2019)  - Density	789,034 1,509/sq mi (583/km²)
Congressional districts	3rd, 6th
Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4

Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2010 census, the total population was 743,159, making it the third-most populous county in the state, and eightieth-most populous in the country. It is part of the Greater Boston area (the Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area). The largest city in Essex County is Lynn. The county was named after the English county of Essex.

It has two traditional county seats: Salem and Lawrence. Prior to the dissolution of the county government in 1999, Salem had jurisdiction over the Southern Essex District, and Lawrence had jurisdiction over the Northern Essex District, but currently these cities do not function as seats of government. However, the county and the districts remain as administrative regions recognized by various governmental agencies, which gathered vital statistics or disposed of judicial case loads under these geographic subdivisions, and are required to keep the records based on them. The county has been designated the Essex National Heritage Area by the National Park Service.

History

Printed in 1812, this political cartoon illustrates the electoral districts drawn by the Massachusetts legislature to favor the incumbent Democratic-Republican party candidates of Governor Elbridge Gerry over the Federalists, from which the term gerrymander is derived. The cartoon depicts the bizarre shape of a district in Essex County as a "Gerry-Mander, A new species of Monster, (...) that (...) belongs to the Salamander tribe (...)".

The county was created by the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony on May 10, 1643, when it was ordered "that the whole plantation within this jurisdiction be divided into four sheires". Named after the county in England, Essex then comprised the towns of Salem, Lynn, Wenham, Ipswich, Rowley, Newbury, Gloucester, and Andover. In 1680, Haverhill, Amesbury and Salisbury, located north of the Merrimack River, were annexed to Essex County. These communities had been part of Massachusetts' colonial-era Norfolk County. The remaining four towns within colonial Norfolk County, which included Exeter and what is now Portsmouth, were transferred to what became Rockingham County in the Province of New Hampshire. The Massachusetts-based settlements were then subdivided over the centuries to produce Essex County's modern composition of cities and towns.

Essex County is where Elbridge Gerry (who was born and raised in Marblehead) created a legislative district in 1812 that gave rise to the word gerrymandering.

Due to a confluence of floods, hurricanes, and severe winter storms, Essex County has had more disaster declarations than most other U.S. counties, from 1964 to 2016.

Law and government

From the founding of the Republican Party until the New Deal, Essex County was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. Since 1936, it has trended Democratic, with Dwight Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956 and Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984 being the only Republicans to carry the county since.

United States presidential election results for Essex County, Massachusetts

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	144,837	34.39%	267,198	63.44%	9,175	2.18%
2016	136,316	35.37%	222,310	57.69%	26,744	6.94%
2012	150,480	41.07%	210,302	57.40%	5,575	1.52%
2008	137,129	38.80%	208,976	59.12%	7,357	2.08%
2004	135,114	40.55%	194,068	58.24%	4,051	1.22%
2000	110,010	35.45%	178,400	57.49%	21,923	7.06%
1996	89,120	30.58%	171,021	58.68%	31,301	10.74%
1992	102,212	31.71%	140,593	43.62%	79,523	24.67%
1988	148,614	48.65%	151,816	49.69%	5,070	1.66%
1984	162,152	54.84%	132,353	44.77%	1,151	0.39%
1980	130,252	43.78%	116,173	39.05%	51,108	17.18%
1976	125,538	41.65%	165,710	54.97%	10,196	3.38%
1972	130,040	44.98%	157,324	54.42%	1,720	0.59%
1968	99,721	35.40%	171,901	61.03%	10,063	3.57%
1964	71,653	25.32%	210,135	74.27%	1,157	0.41%
1960	126,599	42.90%	167,875	56.89%	607	0.21%
1956	166,115	60.09%	109,671	39.67%	667	0.24%
1952	156,030	55.64%	123,334	43.98%	1,045	0.37%
1948	108,894	44.20%	132,016	53.58%	5,461	2.22%
1944	111,958	48.52%	118,228	51.24%	570	0.25%
1940	116,134	47.65%	125,998	51.69%	1,603	0.66%
1936	97,310	43.64%	106,078	47.57%	19,611	8.79%
1932	95,277	49.36%	91,787	47.55%	5,954	3.08%
1928	102,008	52.91%	89,508	46.42%	1,294	0.67%
1924	92,918	66.58%	25,635	18.37%	20,997	15.05%
1920	95,057	71.87%	30,560	23.11%	6,647	5.03%
1916	35,909	50.51%	32,498	45.71%	2,688	3.78%
1912	21,441	32.17%	20,691	31.05%	24,507	36.78%
1908	36,351	59.23%	18,801	30.63%	6,221	10.14%
1904	36,980	62.26%	18,562	31.25%	3,850	6.48%
1900	32,924	57.82%	19,781	34.74%	4,242	7.45%
1896	37,041	68.64%	15,025	27.84%	1,898	3.52%
1892	29,088	54.49%	21,975	41.16%	2,320	4.35%
1888	27,560	56.70%	19,812	40.76%	1,234	2.54%
1884	20,304	47.70%	15,148	35.58%	7,118	16.72%
1880	22,544	55.31%	16,307	40.01%	1,909	4.68%
1876	21,689	59.02%	14,895	40.53%	165	0.45%

Like several other Massachusetts counties, Essex County exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government. All former county functions were assumed by state agencies in 1999. The sheriff (currently Kevin Coppinger) and some other regional officials with specific duties are still elected locally to perform duties within the county region, but there is no county council, commissioner, or county employees. Communities are now granted the right to form their own regional compacts for sharing services.

Geography

Essex County is roughly diamond-shaped and occupies the northeastern corner of the state of Massachusetts.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 828 square miles (2,140 km²), of which 493 square miles (1,280 km²) is land and 336 square miles (870 km²) (41%) is water. Essex County is adjacent to Rockingham County, New Hampshire to the north, the Atlantic Ocean (specifically the Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay) to the east, Suffolk County to the south, Middlesex County to the west and a very small portion of Hillsborough County, New Hampshire to the far north west in Methuen. All county land is incorporated into towns or cities.

Essex County includes the North Shore, Cape Ann, and the lower portions of the Merrimack Valley.

Transportation

These routes pass through Essex County:

• I-93, in Methuen and Andover
• I-95, about five miles from the coast, through Newburyport
• I-495, from Andover to Salisbury through Lawrence and Haverhill
• US 1, between I-95 and Route 1A, close to the coast
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], along the coast
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Beverly and Essex
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Methuen and Andover
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Peabody and Danvers
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Middleton to Beverly
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Methuen to Beverly
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Saugus
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Saugus to Beverly
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Haverhill
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Methuen to Salisbury through Lawrence and Haverhill
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Methuen to Newburyport through Haverhill
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Lawrence to Marblehead through Middleton
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Andover to Haverhill
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Beverly to Gloucester
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], at the tip of Cape Ann
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], Lynnfield through Cape Ann
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Lynnfield to Marblehead
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Lynn
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], from Andover to Gloucester
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Amesbury
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Methuen
• [[Template:Infobox road/MA/link MA|Template:Infobox road/MA/abbrev MA]], in Salisbury

The Lawrence Municipal Airport and Beverly Municipal Airport are regional airports within the county; the nearest commercial airports are Logan Airport in Boston and Manchester-Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, NH.

The MBTA commuter rail has two lines operating in Essex County: the Haverhill Line and the Newburyport Line, both of which go toward Boston. Close to Boston, MBTA buses also exist. The MVRTA is a bus company that connects cities within the Merrimack Valley portion of Essex County.

National protected areas

Because of Essex County's rich history, which includes 17th century colonial history, maritime history spanning its existence, and leadership in the expansions of the textile industry in the 19th century, the entire county has been designated the Essex National Heritage Area by the National Park Service.

The following areas of national significance have also been preserved:

• Parker River National Wildlife Refuge
• Salem Maritime National Historic Site
• Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site
• Thacher Island National Wildlife Refuge

Template:Massachusetts rivers

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1790	57,879		—
1800	61,196		5.7%
1810	71,888		17.5%
1820	74,655		3.8%
1830	82,859		11.0%
1840	94,987		14.6%
1850	131,300		38.2%
1860	165,611		26.1%
1870	200,843		21.3%
1880	244,535		21.8%
1890	299,995		22.7%
1900	357,030		19.0%
1910	436,477		22.3%
1920	482,156		10.5%
1930	498,040		3.3%
1940	496,313		−0.3%
1950	522,384		5.3%
1960	568,831		8.9%
1970	637,887		12.1%
1980	633,632		−0.7%
1990	670,080		5.8%
2000	723,419		8.0%
2010	743,159		2.7%
Est. 2019	789,034		9.1%
U.S. Decennial Census 1790-1960 1900-1990 1990-2000 2010-2019

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 743,159 people, 285,956 households, and 188,005 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,508.8 inhabitants per square mile (582.6 /km²). There were 306,754 housing units at an average density of 622.8 per square mile (240.5 /km²). The racial makeup of the county was 81.9% White, 3.8% Black or African American, 3.1% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 8.2% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 16.5% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 23.3% were Irish, 17.1% were Italian, 12.6% were English, 6.1% were German, and 3.6% were American.

Of the 285,956 households, 32.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.3% were non-families, and 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.14. The median age was 40.4 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $64,153 and the median income for a family was $81,173. Males had a median income of $58,258 versus $44,265 for females. The per capita income for the county was $33,828. About 7.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.

Demographic breakdown by town

Income

See also: List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

The ranking of unincorporated communities that are included on the list are reflective if the census designated locations and villages were included as cities or towns. Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

Rank	Town		Per capita income	Median household income	Median family income	Population	Number of households
1	Manchester-by-the-Sea	Town	$69,930	$114,639	$131,136	5,137	2,047
2	Boxford	Town	$67,601	$137,159	$145,691	7,950	2,665
	Boxford	CDP	$65,327	$112,656	$121,000	2,406	763
3	Marblehead	Town	$55,778	$99,574	$122,679	19,811	7,898
4	Wenham	Town	$55,054	$139,856	$159,688	4,831	1,311
	Topsfield	CDP	$53,247	$116,667	$125,156	2,788	976
5	West Newbury	Town	$52,882	$104,931	$123,237	4,222	1,497
6	Andover	Town	$52,404	$113,936	$142,413	32,945	11,929
7	Nahant	Town	$51,308	$77,243	$134,875	3,420	1,531
8	Topsfield	Town	$50,689	$116,122	$122,794	6,075	2,039
9	Swampscott	Town	$48,013	$90,148	$108,004	13,826	5,577
10	North Andover	Town	$47,092	$95,199	$121,563	28,156	10,223
11	Newburyport	City	$46,327	$80,861	$117,305	18,202	10,534
12	Lynnfield	Town	$44,969	$101,921	$115,726	11,548	4,069
13	Newbury	Town	$44,349	$89,107	$120,870	6,647	2,516
	Essex	CDP	$43,589	$77,188	$121,343	1,581	669
14	Rockport	Town	$43,201	$71,447	$98,587	7,021	3,020
15	Georgetown	Town	$42,683	$106,765	$125,417	8,083	2,790
16	Ipswich	Town	$42,494	$84,609	$100,000	13,127	5,473
	Andover	CDP	$41,811	$72,440	$105,000	8,799	3,640
17	Amesbury	City	$41,142	$79,293	$94,946	16,267	6,543
18	Essex	Town	$40,213	$79,492	$115,048	3,470	1,383
	Rowley	CDP	$39,483	$69,243	$75,481	1,370	615
19	Danvers	Town	$39,067	$78,593	$98,723	26,303	10,282
20	Rowley	Town	$38,592	$79,449	$103,197	5,815	2,254
21	Hamilton	Town	$38,157	$103,774	$113,000	7,809	2,532
22	Groveland	Town	$37,173	$91,080	$100,972	6,401	2,372
23	Beverly	City	$36,889	$67,733	$90,672	39,455	15,278
	Salisbury	CDP	$36,812	$65,205	$77,119	4,735	2,117
	Ipswich	CDP	$36,687	$70,970	$86,397	3,951	1,831
24	Merrimac	Town	$36,643	$76,936	$90,812	6,297	2,442
25	Middleton	Town	$36,194	$93,415	$100,288	8,839	2,621
	Rockport	CDP	$36,099	$56,250	$97,241	4,952	2,137
26	Gloucester	City	$35,080	$59,061	$76,610	28,869	12,310
	Massachusetts	State	$35,051	$65,981	$83,371	6,512,227	2,522,409
	Essex County	County	$34,858	$65,785	$83,047	739,505	284,940
27	Salisbury	Town	$34,755	$68,194	$82,353	8,212	3,399
28	Saugus	Town	$34,076	$75,258	$93,125	26,516	9,917
29	Peabody	City	$32,442	$65,471	$80,859	50,824	20,890
30	Salem	City	$30,961	$56,203	$64,769	41,163	17,690
31	Haverhill	City	$30,574	$60,611	$76,754	60,544	24,334
32	Methuen	City	$29,778	$65,799	$81,190	46,785	17,508
	United States	Country	$27,915	$52,762	$64,293	306,603,772	114,761,359
33	Lynn	City	$22,190	$44,367	$51,384	90,006	34,018
34	Lawrence	City	$17,068	$31,478	$35,606	75,761	27,004

Politics

Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 17, 2018
Party		Number of voters	Percentage
	Democratic	162,360	30.48%
	Republican	58,151	10.92%
	Unenrolled	305,206	57.29%
	Minor parties	1,807	0.34%
Total		532,750	100%

Education

Essex County is home to numerous libraries and schools, both public and private.

Libraries

• Merrimack Valley Library Consortium - Northern Essex and Middlesex County Libraries
• North of Boston Library Exchange - Southern Essex and Middlesex County Libraries

Secondary education

Public schools

Template:Divcol

• Amesbury High School serves Amesbury and South Hampton, New Hampshire
• Andover High School
• Beverly High School
• Danvers High School
• Georgetown High School
• Gloucester High School
• Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School
• Haverhill High School
• Ipswich High School
• Lawrence High School
• Lynn Classical High School
• Lynn English High School
• Lynnfield High School
• Manchester Essex Regional High School
• Marblehead High School
• Masconomet Regional High School, serves Topsfield, Boxford and Middleton
• Methuen High School
• Newburyport High School
• North Andover High School
• Northshore Academy
• Peabody Veterans Memorial High School
• Pentucket Regional High School, serves Groveland, Merrimac and West Newbury
• Rockport High School
• Salem High School
• Saugus High School
• Swampscott High School, serves Swampscott and Nahant
• Triton Regional High School, serves Newbury, Rowley and Salisbury
• Walnut Square Elementary School, in Haverhill is known for its history and clocktower.

Technical schools

• Essex Agricultural and Technical High School
• Greater Lawrence Technical School
• Lynn Vocational and Technical Institute
• North Shore Technical High School
• Whittier Regional Vocational Technical High School

Private schools

• Academy at Penguin Hall
• Bishop Fenwick High School
• Bradford Christian Academy
• Brooks School
• Central Catholic High School
• The Clark School (Rowley, Massachusetts)
• The Governor's Academy
• Phillips Academy
• Pingree School
• Presentation of Mary Academy
• St. John's Preparatory School
• St. Mary's High School
• The Waring School

Higher education

• Endicott College
• Gordon College
• Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
• Marian Court College - Now closed
• Massachusetts School of Law
• Merrimack College
• Montserrat College of Art
• North Shore Community College
• Northern Essex Community College
• Northpoint Bible College
• Salem State University

Economy

Employment

As of 2015, the county had total employment of 282,412. The largest employer in the county is Massachusetts General Hospital, with over 5,000 employees.

Banking

Based on deposits in the county, the five largest banks are TD Bank, N.A., Salem Five Cents Bank, Institution for Savings, Bank of America, and Eastern Bank.

Essex National Heritage Area

See also: List of Registered Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts

On November 12, 1996, Essex National Heritage Area (ENHA) was authorized by Congress. The heritage area consists of all of Essex County, MA a 500-square-mile (1,300 km²) area between the Atlantic Coast and the Merrimack Valley. The area includes 34 cities and towns; two National Historic Sites (Salem Maritime National Historic Site and Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site); and thousands of historic sites and districts that illuminate colonial settlement, the development of the shoe and textile industries, and the growth and decline of the maritime industries, including fishing, privateering, and the China trade. The Essex National Heritage Area is one of 49 heritage areas designated by Congress, affiliated with the National Park Service.

The Essex National Heritage Commission is a non-profit organization chartered to promote tourism and cultural awareness of the area, connecting people to the places of Essex County, MA. The Commission's mission is to promote and preserve the historic, cultural and natural resources of the ENHA by rallying community support around saving the character of the area. This is accomplished through the commission's projects and programs, which include Partnership Grant Program, Explorers membership program, photo safaris, and the annual September weekend event Trails & Sails, as well as other important regional partnership building projects like the Essex Heritage Scenic Byway, and the Border to Boston trail.

Communities

The towns and cities of Essex County are listed below.

Cities

• Amesbury
• Beverly
• Gloucester
• Haverhill
• Lawrence (traditional county seat)
• Lynn
• Methuen
• Newburyport
• Peabody
• Salem (traditional county seat)

Towns

• Andover
• Boxford
• Danvers (Salem Village)
• Essex
• Georgetown
• Groveland
• Hamilton
• Ipswich
• Lynnfield
• Manchester-by-the-Sea
• Marblehead
• Merrimac
• Middleton
• Nahant
• Newbury
• North Andover
• Rockport
• Rowley
• Salisbury
• Saugus
• Swampscott
• Topsfield
• Wenham
• West Newbury

Census-designated places

• Andover
• Boxford
• Essex
• Ipswich
• Rockport
• Rowley
• Salisbury
• Topsfield

Other villages

• Annisquam
• Ballardvale
• Beverly Farms
• Bradford
• Byfield
• Clifton
• Magnolia
• Merrimacport
• Rocks Village
• Plum Island

See also

• Essex Junto
• Tinker's Island
• Lovecraft Country
• Registry of Deeds (Massachusetts)
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts

References

• Arrington, Benjamin F., ed (1922A). Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Volume I (Tercentenary ed.). New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=1HAMAAAAYAAJ&q=Amesbury+Massachusetts+incorporation. 
• Arrington, Benjamin F., ed (1922B). Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Volume II (Tercentenary ed.). New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=C3EMAAAAYAAJ&q=Municipal+History+of+Essex+County+in+Massachusetts. 
• Arrington, Benjamin F., ed (1922C). Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Volume III (Tercentenary ed.). New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=RHEMAAAAYAAJ&q=Municipal+History+of+Essex+County+in+Massachusetts. 
• Arrington, Benjamin F., ed (1922D). Municipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. Volume IV (Tercentenary ed.). New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company. https://books.google.com/books?id=g3EMAAAAYAAJ&q=Municipal+History+of+Essex+County+in+Massachusetts. 
• Hurd, Duane Hamilton. History of Essex County, Massachusetts: With Biographical Sketches of Many Pioneers and Prominent Men. Volume 1. Volume 2 Published 1888 by J.W. Lewis and Co.
• Newhall, James Robinson. The Essex Memorial, for 1836: Embracing a Register of the County. Published 1836.
• Lewis, Alonzo and James Robinson Newhall. History of Lynn, Essex County, Massachusetts: Including Lynnfield,Saugus, Swampscott and Nahant.Published 1865 by John L. Shorey 13 Washington St. Lynn.
• Perley, Sidney. The Essex Antiquarian. Volume 1 1897.Volume 3 1899.Volume 6 1902.Volume 8 1904
• Various. Early Massachusetts Vital Records 1600–1849

Further reading

• Jeremiah Spofford (1860), "Counties: Essex", Historical and Statistical Gazetteer of Massachusetts (2nd ed.), Haverhill: E.G. Frothingham, https://archive.org/stream/historicalstatis00spof#page/12/mode/2up 
• Essex-County History and Directory. Boston: C.A. & J.F. Wood. 1870. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100171838. 
• Joseph Sabin, ed (1873). "Essex Co., Mass.". Bibliotheca Americana. 6. New York. OCLC 13972268. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082126511?urlappend=%3Bseq=255. 
• Essex County Directory for 1884-85. Boston, Massachusetts: Briggs & Co.. 1884. http://www26.us.archive.org/stream/essexcountydire00cogoog#page/n13/mode/2up. 
• George Chinn; Fred E. Smith (1884). Wheelman's Hand-book of Essex County. Marblehead: G. Chinn. https://archive.org/details/wheelmanshandbo00smitgoog. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Essex County, Massachusetts

Registries

• "Southern Essex District Registry of Deeds". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. http://www.salemdeeds.com/newwebsite/.  Located in Salem, Massachusetts.
• "Northern Essex Registry of Deeds". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/rod/rodnrthessex/nrthessexidx.htm.  Located in Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Maps

• "Map of Essex County, Mass.". Atlases. Registry of Deeds Southern Essex District. 1872. http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PLATE_0007.jpg&atlastype=Atlases&atlastown=ESSEX+COUNTY&atlas=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&atlas_desc=ESSEX+COUNTY+1872&pageprefix=. 

Other sites

• "Merrimack Valley Planning Commission". http://mvpc.org/.  Official website.
• "PEM Peabody Essex Museum". http://www.pem.org.  Official website.
• "Massachusetts - Essex County". National Register of Historic Places. nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/MA/Essex/state.html. 
• Essex County Sheriff's Department

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