- 1523-1533: King of Denmark
- 1524-1533: King of Norway
- 1482-1533: Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
- Count of Oldenburg
Biography
Frederik I Oldenburg of Denmark was born 7 October 1471 in Haderslevhus, Haderslev, South Denmark, Denmark to Christian I of Denmark (1426-1481) and Dorothea von Brandenburg (1430-1495) and died 10 April 1533 Gottorf Castle, Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany of unspecified causes. He married Anna von Brandenburg (1487-1514) 10 April 1502 JL in Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. He married Sophia von Pommern (1498-1568) 9 October 1518 JL in Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Frederick I was King of Denmark and Norway. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over Denmark and Norway, when subsequent monarchs embraced Lutheranism after the Protestant Reformation. As king of Norway, Frederick is most remarkable in never having visited the country and was never crowned as such. Therefore, he was styled King of Denmark, the Vends and the Goths, elected King of Norway. Frederick's reign began the enduring tradition of calling kings of Denmark alternatively by the names Christian and Frederick.[2][3]
The younger son of the first Oldenburg King Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1426–81) and of Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430–95). Soon after the death of his father, the underage Frederick was elected co-Duke of Schleswig and Holstein in 1482, the other co-duke being his elder brother, King John of Denmark. In 1490 at Frederick's majority, both duchies were divided between the brothers.[4]
In 1500, he had convinced his brother King John to conquer Dithmarschen. A great army was called from not only the duchies, but with additions from all of the Kalmar Union for which his brother briefly was king. In addition, numerous German mercenaries took part. The expedition failed miserably, however, in the Battle of Hemmingstedt, where one-third of all knights of Schleswig and Holstein lost their lives.[5]
Family and children
On 10 April 1502, Frederick married Anna of Brandenburg (1487–1514), the daughter of John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg and Margaret of Thuringia. The couple had two children:
- Christian III, King of Denmark and Norway (12 August 1503 – 1 January 1559)[6]
- Dorothea of Denmark (1 August 1504 – 11 April 1547),[7] married 1 July 1526 to Albert, Duke of Prussia.
Frederick's wife Anna died on 5 May 1514, 26 years old. Four years later on 9 October 1518 at Kiel, Frederick married Sophie of Pomerania (20 years old; 1498–1568), a daughter of Bogislaw "the Great", Duke of Pomerania. Sophie and Frederick had six children:
- John II of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (28 June 1521 – 2 October 1580)[8]
- Elizabeth of Denmark (14 October 1524 – 15 October 1586),[9] married:
- on 26 August 1543 to Magnus III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
- on 14 February 1556 to Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.
- Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1526-1586)[10]
- Anna of Denmark (1527 – 4 June 1535)
- Dorothea of Denmark (1528 – 11 November 1575),[11] married on 27 October 1573 to Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gadebusch.
- Frederick of Denmark (13 April 1532 – 27 October 1556), Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim and Bishop of Schleswig.
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Christian III of Denmark (1503-1559) | 12 August 1503 Gottorf Castle, Schleswig, Germany | 1 January 1559 Koldinghus, Kolding, Denmark | Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg (1511-1571) |
| Dorothea of Denmark (1504-1547) | 1 August 1504 | 11 April 1547 Königsberg Schloß | Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach (1490-1568) |
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Johann von Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben (1521-1580) | |||
| Elizabeth of Denmark (1524-1586) | 14 October 1524 Denmark | 15 October 1586 Gedser, Denmark | Magnus III. von Mecklenburg (1509-1550) Ulrich III. von Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1528-1603) |
| Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1526-1586) | 25 January 1526 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany | 1 October 1586 Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany | Christine von Hessen (1543-1604) |
| Anna of Denmark (1527-1535) | |||
| Dorothea of Denmark (1528-1575) | |||
| Friedrich of Denmark (1532-1556) | |||
Siblings
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Olaf Oldenburg (1450-1451) | |||
| Knud Oldenburg (1451-1455) | |||
| John Oldenburg (1455-1513) | 5 June 1455 Aalborghus Slot, Aalborg, Denmark | 20 February 1513 Aalborghus Slot, Aalborg, Denmark | Christina von Sachsen (1461-1521) |
| Margaret Oldenburg (1456-1486) | 23 June 1456 | 14 July 1486 Stirlingshire | James III of Scotland (c1451-1488) |
| Frederick Oldenburg (1471-1533) | 7 October 1471 Haderslevhus, Haderslev, South Denmark, Denmark | 10 April 1533 Gottorf Castle, Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany | Anna von Brandenburg (1487-1514) Sophia von Pommern (1498-1568) |
Research Notes
See Also
- Frederik Oldenburg
- Oldenburg Family
- Oldenburg in Lower Saxony
Notable Descendants
- Frederick is patrilineal 14x great-grandfather of King Charles III of the United Kingdom.
Notable Ancestors
- Charlemagne (747-814) - via House of Ravensburg.
- House of Oldenburg
Christian's mother, Hedvig, was a daughter of Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein, and a sister of Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig. Through his mother, Christian was also a cognatic descendant of King Eric V of Denmark through his second daughter Richeza (died 1308) and also a cognatic descendant of King Abel of Denmark through his daughter Sophie. Through his father, Christian was a cognatic descendant of King Eric IV of Denmark through his daughter Sophia. Christian thus descended from the three surviving sons of Valdemar II and his second wife Berengaria of Portugal. He was also a cognatic descendant of King Magnus III of Sweden.
References
- ^ Kolstrup, Inger-Lise. "Jacob Binck". Den Store Danske Encyklopædi. https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Jacob_Binck. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ (in da) Frederik 1, DK: Gravsted, http://www.gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=frederik1.
- ^ Frederik 1 – utdypning (Store norske leksikon)
- ^ "Frederik I, Konge i Danmark og Norge" (in da), Salmonsens konversationsleksikon, Runeberg, https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/8/0865.html.
- ^ "Ditmarsken (Dithmarschen, "de tyske Marsklande")". Salmonsens konversationsleksikon. https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/6/0247.html.
- ^ "Christian 3". gravsted.dk. http://www.gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=christian3.
- ^ "Dorothea, Hertuginde af Preussen, 1504–47". Dansk biografisk Lexikon. https://runeberg.org/dbl/4/0309.html.
- ^ "Hertug Hans den ældre i Haderslev". Historisk Tidsskrift. http://img.kb.dk/tidsskriftdk/pdf/hto/hto_4rk_0006-PDF/hto_4rk_0006_77079.pdf.
- ^ "Elisabeth, 1524–86, Hertuginde af Meklenborg". Dansk biografisk Lexikon. https://runeberg.org/dbl/4/0499.html.
- ^ "Adolf, Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein". Adolf I. (Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf). Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 1875. p. 111. https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Adolf_I._(Herzog_von_Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf).
- ^ "Dorothea, Hertuginde af Meklenborg, 1528–75". Dansk biografisk Lexikon. https://runeberg.org/dbl/4/0308.html.
- Arup, Erik (1902–1904). "Den finansielle side af erhvervelsen af hertugdømmerne 1460–1487" (in da). Historisk Tidsskrift 4 (7): 317–388; 399–489.
- Carstens, W. (1931). "Die Wahl König Christian I. von Dänemark zum Herzog von Schleswig und Graf von Holstein im Jahre 1460." (in de). Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte 60.
- Dahlerup, Troels (1989) (in da). De fire stænder. 1400–1500. Gyldendal og Politikens Danmarkshistorie. 6. Copenhagen: Gyldendal & Politikens Forlag. ISBN 87-89068-08-4.
- Hermansen, Victor (1950) (in da). Christiern den Førstes højde. Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet.
External links
- wikipedia:en:Frederick I of Denmark
- Frederick I of Denmark at thePeerage
- Frederick I of Denmark, Geni.com, https://www.geni.com/people/Frederick-I-King-of-Denmark-and-Norway/4104333, retrieved 15 Dec 2024
- Frederick I of Denmark, FamilySearch.org, https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LTLW-HB4, retrieved 15 Dec 2024
- Frederick I of Denmark, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/DENMARK.htm#FrederikIdied1533B, retrieved 15 Dec 2024
- Frederick I of Denmark, Genealogics.org, https://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00004364&tree=LEO, retrieved 15 Dec 2024
- Frederick I of Denmark, FindAGrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10599211/frederik_i_of_denmark-norway, retrieved 15 Dec 2024
- Archaeologisches Landesmuseum/Bibliothek - Schloß Gottorf, Schleswig
Succession Charts
- The Royal Lineage Archived 2015-03-14 at the Wayback Machine at the website of the Danish Monarchy
Frederick I Born: 7 October 1471 Died: 10 April 1533
| ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Christian II |
King of Denmark 1523–1533 |
Succeeded by Christian III |
| King of Norway 1524–1533 | ||
| Preceded by Christian I |
Duke of Holstein and Schleswig 1490–1533 with John I (1490–1513) Christian II (1513–1523) Christian III (1523–1533) | |
Footnotes (including sources)
| ‡ General |
|
