- 1079-1105 : Duke of Swabia
- House of Hohenstaufen
Friedrich I. Staufen von Schwaben, Duke of Swabia, was born circa 1050 to Friedrich von Büren (c1020-aft1053) and Hildegard von Egisheim (c1024-c1094) and died circa 1105 of unspecified causes. He married Agnes of the Holy Roman Empire (c1072-1143) .
Frederick I was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death, the first ruler from the House of Hohenstaufen (Staufer).
Biography
Frederick was the son of Friedrich von Büren (c1020-aft1053), Count in the Riesgau and Swabian Count Palatine, with Hildegard of Egisheim-Dagsburg,[1] a niece of Pope Leo IX, daughter of Otto II, Duke of Swabia and founder of the Abbey of Saint Faith in Schlettstadt, Alsace. When Frederick succeeded his father, he had Hohenstaufen Castle erected on the eponymous mountain in the Swabian Jura range, which became the ancestral seat of the dynasty. He also founded a Benedictine abbey at the site of former Lorch Castle about 1100.[2] By his mother he ruled over large Alsatian estates around Schlettstadt and Hagenau.
When during the Investiture Controversy the Swabian duke Rudolf of Rheinfelden was elected anti-king to King Henry IV of Germany, Frederick remained a loyal supporter of the ruling Salian dynasty. In turn Henry vested him with the Swabian ducal dignity in 1079 and also gave him the hand of his seven-year-old daughter Agnes of Waiblingen.[3] Contested by Rudolf's son Berthold of Rheinfelden and Berthold of Zähringen, Frederick only ruled over the northern parts of the Swabian duchy down to Ulm and the Danube River.[4] Finally in 1098, he and Berthold of Zähringen reached a compromise, whereby his rival confined himself to the title of a "Duke of Zähringen".[4]
In the last years of his reign, Frederick was able to expand the Hohenstaufen territories northwards, when he assumed the office of a Vogt (reeve) of Weissenburg Abbey and the Bishopric of Speyer in Rhenish Franconia.
Marriage and issue
About 1086/87, Frederick married Agnes, daughter of Emperor Henry IV.[5] They had several sons and daughters, amongst whom were:
- Friedrich II von Schwaben (1090-1147), succeeded as Duke of Swabia in 1105, father of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa[6]
- Conrad III, King of Germany (1093–1152), elected King of the Romans in 1138[6]
- Berta of Boll (d. before 1142), married Adalbert of Ravenstein, Count of Elchingen, their daughter Liutgard married Conrad, Margrave of Meissen
- Heilika, who married Frederick III of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld-Hopfenche, their daughter Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld married Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach
- Gertrud, married Hermann III of Stahleck, Count Palatine of the Rhine[7]
- Richildis, married Hugh I, Count of Roucy
After Frederick's death, Agnes secondly married the Babenberg margrave Leopold III of Austria in 1106. Both are buried in Klosterneuburg Monastery.
Children
Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
Heilika von Schwaben (c1087-1110) | 1087 | 1110 | Friedrich III. von Hopfenohe-Pettendorf-Lengenfeld (c1070-1119) |
Bertrada von Schwaben (c1088-c1131) | |||
Friedrich II von Schwaben (1090-1147) | 1090 | 6 April 1147 Alzey | Judith von Bayern (c1103-1131) Agnes von Saarbrücken (1115-aft1147) |
Hildegardis von Schwaben (?-?) | |||
Konrad III of the Holy Roman Empire (1093-1152) | 1093 Bamberg | 15 February 1152 Bamberg | Gertrud von Comburg (c1095-c1130) Gertrud von Sulzbach (1110-1146) Gerberga |
Giselhildis von Schwaben (?-?) | |||
Heinrich von Schwaben (?-bef1102) | |||
Beatrix von Schwaben (?-aft1146) | |||
Kunigunde von Schwaben (?-?) | |||
Sophia von Schwaben (?-?) | |||
Fides von Schwaben (bef1106-aft1182) | |||
Richilde von Schwaben (c1100-c1147) | 1100 | 1147 | Hugues I de Roucy (c1090-1160) |
Siblings
See Also
Bibliography
- Barraclough, Geoffrey (1984). The Origins of Modern Germany. W.W. Norton & Company.
- Brooke, Z.N. (1968). "Germany under Henry IV and Henry V". In Tanner, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N.. The Cambridge Medieval History: Contest of Empire and Papacy. V. Cambridge University Press.
- Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Yorkin Publications. 2000.
- Frederick I, (Holy Roman Emperor) (2000). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the. Ashgate Publishing.
- Hamel, Leslie Ann (2001). "Lorch". In Jeep, John M.. Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.
- Lyon, Jonathan R. (2013). Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100-1250. Cornell University Press.
- Weinfurter, Stefan (1999). The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition. University of Pennsylvania Press.
External Links
- wikipedia:en:Frederick I, Duke of Swabia
- Friedrich I Herzog von Schwaben at thePeerage
- Frederick I, Duke of Swabia, Geni.com, https://www.geni.com/people/Frederick-I-duke-of-Swabia/6000000001744902183, retrieved 22 June 2023
- Ancestry of Dukes of Swabia, fmg.ac, https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SWABIA.htm, retrieved 22 June 2023
Royal Succession Charts
Friedrich I. von Schwaben (c1050-1105) Born: 1050 Died: 1105
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German royalty![]() | ||
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Regnal titles | ||
Preceded by Rudolf of Rheinfelden |
Duke of Swabia | Succeeded by Frederick II |
References
- ^ Commire & Klezmer 2000, p. 308.
- ^ Hamel 2001, p. 466.
- ^ Barraclough 1984, p. 138.
- ^ a b Weinfurter 1999, p. 162.
- ^ Brooke 1968, p. 140.
- ^ a b Frederick I 2000, p. xii.
- ^ Lyon 2013, p. 244.