Grand Prince of Kyiv | |
---|---|
Former Monarchy | |
File:Coat of arms of Kyiv.svg | |
First monarch | Volodymyr the Great |
Last monarch | Michael of Chernigov |
Monarchy started | unknown |
Monarchy ended | 1362 |
Grand Prince of Kyiv (sometimes Grand Duke of Kyiv) was the title of the Kyivan prince and the ruler of Kyivan Rus' from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kyiv became an appanage principality first of the Grand Prince of Volodymyr and the Golden Horde governors, and later was taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
According to some Ukrainian historians (i.e., Kanyhin, Tkachuk), Ptolemy's mention of Metropolis, a Sarmatian town on the Dnipro River, shows the ancient existence of Kyiv.[1] The name Dnieper is derived from Sarmatian (Iranian) Dānu apara "the river far away."
Princes of Kyiv[]
Mythological rulers[]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Kyi | 5th or 6th c. | mythological founder of Kyiv |
Oleg | 8th c. | relation to dynasty is debatable |
Bravlin | 790s | relation to and dynasty is debatable |
Askold and Dir | 870s | existence debatable |
According to Slavophiles, Kyi ruled since 430, one of the dates attributed to the legendary founding of Kyiv in 482, although that date relates to Kovin on the Danube in Serbia. Some historians speculate that Kyi was a Slavic prince of eastern Polans in the 6th century. Kyi's legacy along with Shchek's is mentioned in the Book of Veles, the authenticity of which, however, is disputed.
Oleg, an apocryphal Kai voivode, probably of Danish or Swedish origin, under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate.
Bravlin was a Varangian prince or chieftain, who led a Rus' military expedition to devastate the Crimea, from Kerch to Sugdaea, in the last years of the 8th century.
According to some Russian historians (i.e., Gleb S. Lebedev), Dir was a chacanus of Rhos (Rus' Khaganate|Rus' khagan).[2] Thomas Noonan asserts that one of the Rus' "sea-kings", the "High king", adopted the title khagan in the early 9th century.[3] Peter Benjamin Golden maintained that the Rus' became a part of the Khazar federation, and that their ruler was officially accepted as a vassal kagan of the Khazar Khaqan of Itil.[4]
Some western historians (i.e., Kevin Alan Brook) suppose that Kyiv was founded by Khazars or Magyars. Kyiv is a Turkic place name (Küi = riverbank + ev = settlement).[5] At least during the 8th and 9th centuries Kyiv functioned as an outpost of the Khazar empire (a hill-fortress, called Sambat, "high place" in Old Turkic). According to Omeljan Pritsak, Constantine Zuckerman and other scholars, Khazars lost Kyiv at the beginning of the 10th century.[6][7]
Rurik Dynasty[]
The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik (Rørikr), a Varangian pagan chieftain.
=xx[]
Ruler | Native name | Born | Reign | Death | Parents | Consort | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oleg the Seer[8] | ![]() |
Олег Віщий | ?–912 | 882 | 912 | Relation to Rurik is debatable | |||
Igor I | ![]() |
Ігор Рюрикович | ?–945 | 912 | 945 | son of Rurik I | |||
St.Olga[9] | ![]() |
Ольга (княгиня київська) | ?–969 | 945 | 962 | (regent-consort) | |||
Svyatoslav I[10] | ![]() |
Святослав | 942–972 | 962 | 972 | son of Igor | |||
Yaropolk Svyatoslavich | ![]() |
Ярополк Святославич | c959 | 972-980 | 980 | Svyatoslav Igorevich |
Grand Princes of Kyiv[]
Rurik Dynasty[]
Ruler | Native name | Born | Reign | Death | Parents | Consort | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volodymyr I the Great | ![]() |
Володимир Святославич | 958 | 980–1015 | 1015 | Svtyatoslav Igorevich Malusha |
Olava Uunnamed Greek nun Rogneda Rogvolodovma Malfrida Adela Anna Porphyrogenita Unknown von Schwaben |
in 988 baptized the Rus | |
Svyatopolk Volodymyrovych | ![]() |
Святополк Володимирович Окаянний | c980–1019 | 1015-1019 | 1019 | Volodymyr Svyatoslavich a Greek nun |
Daughter of Bolesław I the Brave | ||
Yaroslav I the Wise | ![]() |
978–1054 | 1019 | 1054 | son of Volodymyr I the Great, jointly with Mstislav of Chernigov in 1024-36 | ||||
Izyaslav I of Kyiv | ![]() |
Ізяслав Ярославич | 1024 | 1054-1073 | 1078 | Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Ingegerd Olofsdotter |
Gertrude of Poland | first time | |
Svyatoslav Yaroslavich | ![]() |
Святослав Ярославич | 1027 | 1073-1076 | 1076 | Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Ingegerd of Sweden |
Cecilia of Dithmarschen Oda von Babenberg |
||
Izyaslav Yaroslavich | ![]() |
Ізяслав Ярославич | 1024 | 1076-1078 | 1078 | Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Ingegerd Olofsdotter |
Gertrude of Poland | Second time | |
Vsevolod Yaroslavich | ![]() |
Всеволод Ярославич | 1030 | 1078-1093 | 1093 | Yaroslav Volodymyrovych Ingegerd Olofsdotter |
Anastasia Monomachos Anna Polovetskaya |
||
Svyatopolk Izyaslavich | ![]() |
Izyaslavichi | 1050–1113 | 1093 | 1113 | son of Izyaslav I | |||
Vladimir II Monomakh | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1053–1125 | 1113 | 1125 | son of Vsevolod I | |||
Mstislav I Vladimirovich | File:Mstislav I of Kyiv (Tsarskiy titulyarnik).jpg | Monomakhovychi | 1076–1132 | 1125 | 1132 | son of Volodymyr II | |||
Yaropolk Vladimirovich | ![]() |
Ярополк Володимирович | 1082 | 1132-1139 | 1139 | Volodymyr Monomakh Gytha of Wessex |
Yelena of Ossetia | ||
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1083–1154 | 1139 | 1139 | brother of Yaropolk II (first time) | |||
Vsevolod Olgovich | ![]() |
Всеволод Ольгович | 2094 | 1139-1146 | 1146 | Oleg Svyatoslavich Theophano Mouzalonissa |
Maria Mstislavna | ||
Igor Olgovich | ![]() |
Ігор Ольгович | c1095 | 1146 | 1147 | Oleg Svyatoslavich Theophano Mouzalonissa |
|||
Izyaslav Mstislavich | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1097–1154 | 1146 | 1149 | son of Mstislav I (first time) | |||
Yuri Dovgoruky | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1099–1157 | 1149 | 1151 | (first time) | |||
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1083–1154 | 1151 | 1154 | (second time) jointly | |||
Izyaslav Mstislavich | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1097–1154 | (second time) jointly | |||||
Rostislav Mstislavich | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1110–1167 | 1154 | 1154 | brother of Izyaslav Mstislavich (first time) | |||
Izyaslav Davydovich | ![]() |
Svyatoslavichi | ?–1162 | 1154 | 1155 | (first time) | |||
Yuri Dovgoruky | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1099–1157 | 1155 | 1157 | (second time) | |||
Izyaslav Davydovich | ![]() |
Svyatoslavichi | ?–1162 | 1157 | 1158 | (second time) | |||
Rostislav Mstislavich | ![]() |
Monomakhovychi | 1110–1167 | 1158 | 1167 | (second time) jointly with Izyaslav III Davydovich in 1162 | |||
Mstislav II Izyaslavich | ![]() |
Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) | ?–1172 | 1167 | 1169 | son of Izyaslav Mstislavich (first time) | |||
Gleb Yuryevich | Yurievichi (Monomakh) | ?–1171 | 1169 | 1169 | son of Yuri Dolgorukiy (first time) | ||||
Mstislav Izyaslavich | ![]() |
Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) | ?–1172 | 1170 | 1170 | (second time) | |||
Gleb Yuryevich | Yurievichi (Monomakh) | ?–1171 | 1170 | 1171 | (second time) | ||||
Vladimir Mstislavich | Владимир Мстиславич | 1132 | 1171 | 1171 | Mstislav I Vladimirovich | ||||
Mikhalko Yuryevich | ![]() |
Михалко Юрьевич | c1150 | 1171 | 1176 | Yuri Dorgoruky Olga NN |
Yurievichi (Monomakh) Half-brother of Gleb | ||
Roman Rotislavich | Rostislavichi (Monomakh) | ?–1180 | 1171 | 1173 | son of Rostislav I (first time) | ||||
Vsevolod Yuryevich | Всеволод Юрьевич Большое Гнездо | Yurievichi (Monomakh) | 1154 | 1173 | 1212 | Yuri Dolgoruky Olga NN |
Mariya Shvarnovna Lyubov Vasilkovna |
Brother of Michael I | |
Ryurik Rostislavich | Рюрик Ростиславич | c1137 | 1173 | 1212 | Rostislav Mstislavich | Anna Yuryevna | (first time) | ||
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich | Святослав Всеволодович | c1123 | 1174 | 1194 | son of Vsevolod II (first time) | ||||
Yaroslav II | Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) | c1127–1180 | 1174 | 1175 | son of Iziaslav II (first time) | ||||
Roman Rotislavich | Rostislavichi (Monomakh) | ?–1180 | 1175 | 1177 | (second time) | ||||
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich | Святослав Всеволодович | c1123 | 1177-1180 | 1194 | (second time) | ||||
Yaroslav II | Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) | c1127–1180 | 1180 | 1180 | (second time) | ||||
Ryurik Rostislavich | Рюрик Ростиславич | c1137 | 1180-1182 | 1212 | Rostislav Mstislavich | Anna Yuryevna | (second time) | ||
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich | Святослав Всеволодович | c1123 | 1182-1194 | 1194 | (third time) | ||||
Ryurik Rostislavich | Рюрик Ростиславич | c1137 | 1194-1202 | 1212 | Rostislav Mstislavich | Anna Yuryevna | (third time) | ||
Roman Mstislavich | ![]() |
Роман Мстиславич | c1152 | 1202 | 1205 | son of Mstislav II (1202–02) | |||
Ingvar Yaroslavich | Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) | ?–? | 1202 | 1203 | son of Yaroslav II (first time) | ||||
Ryurik Rostislavich | Рюрик Ростиславич | c1137 | 1203-1206 | 1212 | Rostislav Mstislavich | Anna Yuryevna | jointly (fourth time) | ||
Roman Mstislavich | ![]() |
Роман Мстиславич | c1152 | 1205 | son of Mstislav II, jointly (1204–04) | ||||
Rostislav Ryurikovich | Ростислав Рюрикович | 1172 | 1218 | Ryurik Rostislavich | jointly (1204–06) | ||||
Vsevolod IV Svyatoslavich | Svyatoslavichi (Olgovichi) | ?–1212 | 1206 | 1207 | son of Sviatoslav III (first time) | ||||
Rurik Rostislavich | Рюрик Ростиславич | ?–1215 | 1207 | 1210 | (fifth time) | ||||
Vsevolod IV Svyatoslavich | Svyatoslavichi (Olgovichi) | ?–1212 | 1210 | 1212 | (second time) | ||||
Ingvar Yaroslavich | Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) | ?–? | 1212 | 1214 | (second time) | ||||
Mstislav III | Rostislavichi (Monomakh) | ?–1223 | 1214 | 1223 | son of Roman I | ||||
Vladimir Ryurikovich | Rostislavichi (Monomakh) | 1187–1239 | 1223 | 1235 | brother of Rostislav II | ||||
Izyaslav Vladimirovich | 1186–? | 1235-1236 | son of Vladimir Igorevich | ||||||
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich | ![]() |
Ярослав Всеволодович | 1191 | 1236-1238 | 1246 | Vsevolod Yuryevich Mariya Shvarnova |
Daughter of Yuri Kondakovich Rostislava Mstislavna |
(first time) | |
Mikhail Vsevolodovich | ![]() |
Михаил Всеволодович | 1179 | 1238-1239 | 1246 | Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Maria of Poland |
Yelena Romanovna | (first time) |
Princes of Kyiv (Mongol invasion)[]
Due to Mongol invasion in 1240 Michael of Chernigov left Kyiv to seek military assistance from the Kingdom of Hungary (Béla IV). During that time Prince of Smolensk Rostislav occupied Kyiv, but was captured the same year by Daniil Romanovich of Halych who placed his voivode Dmytro to guard Kyiv while the Grand Prince was away. Being unsuccessful in Hungary, Michael visited Konrad I in Masovia. Receiving no results in Poland, he eventually asked Daniil Romanovich of Halych for a sanctuary due to the invasion of Mongols.
Portrait | Name | Branch | Born-Died | Ruled From | Ruled Until | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rostislav Mikhailovich | Ростислав Михайлович | 1210–1262 | 1239 | 1262 | Mikhail Vsevolodovich Yelena Romanovna of Halych |
|||
Daniil Romanovich | ![]() |
Даниил Романович | 1201 | 1239-1240 | 1264 | Roman Mstislavich Anna-Euphrosyne Angelos |
Anna Mstislavna Sister of Mindaugas (c1220-c1275) |
Appointed Dmytro as posadnik |
Mikhail Vsevolodovich | ![]() |
Михаил Всеволодович | 1179 | 1241-1243 | 1246 | Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Maria of Poland |
Yelena Romanovna | (second time) |
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich | ![]() |
Ярослав Всеволодович | 1191 | 1243-1246 | 1246 | Vsevolod Yuryevich Mariya Shvarnova |
Daughter of Yuri Kondakovich Rostislava Mstislavna |
(second time) |
Aleksandr Nevsky | ![]() |
Vladimirsky (Monomakh) | 1220–1263 | 1246 | 1263 | son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich | ||
![]() |
Yaroslav IV | Vladimirsky (Monomakh) | 1230–1271 | 1263 | 1271 | brother of Alexander | ||
Lev | Galicia (Monomakh) | 1228–1301 | 1271 | 1301 | son of Daniel | |||
Volodymyr-Ivan Ivanovich | Siveria (Olgovichi) | ?–? | 1301 | ? | ||||
Stanislav Ivanovich | Siveria (Olgovichi) | 1228–1301 | ? | 1321 |
Olshanski dynasty[]
Since the 14th century the principality of Kyiv started to fall under the influence of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1299 Metropolitan of Kyiv Maximus moved his metropolitan see from Kyiv to Vladimir-on-Klyazma. In 1321, after the Battle on the Irpin River, Gediminas installed one of his subjects Mindovg Olshansky from the Olshansky Family, a descendant of exiled to the Byzantine Empire family of Vseslav of Polotsk.
Portrait | Name | Branch | Born-Died | Ruled From | Ruled Until | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mindovg Olshansky | ![]() |
?–? | 1321 | 1324 | ||
Olgimunt (Algimantas) | ![]() |
?–? | 1324 | 1331[11] | son of Mindovg Olshansky |
Rurik dynasty[]
In 1331 Kyiv once again was taken by members of Rurik dynasty (Olgovich branch), the prince of Putivl.
Portrait | Name | Branch | Born-Died | Ruled From | Ruled Until | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fyodor (Teodoras) | Siverski (Olgovichi) | ?–? | 1331 | 1362 | son of Budvydas |
Prince of Kyiv | |
---|---|
Former Monarchy | |
File:Coat of arms of Kyiv.svg | |
First monarch | Volodymyr Olgierdovich |
Last monarch | Simonas |
Monarchy started | 1362 |
Monarchy ended | 1471 |
After the Battle of Blue Waters (1362), Kyiv and surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
Gediminids[]
Portrait | Name | Branch | Born-Died | Ruled From | Ruled Until | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volodymyr Olgierdovich | ![]() |
?–? | 1362 | 1394 | son of Algirdas | |
![]() |
Skirgaila | ![]() |
1354–1397 | 1395 | 1397 | son of Algirdas |
Olshanski[]
Portrait | Name | Branch | Born-Died | Ruled From | Ruled Until | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ivan | ![]() |
?–? | 1397 | c. 1402 | son of Olgimunt (in 1404-11 Jurgis Gedgaudas as voivode) | |
Andrew | ![]() |
?–? | c. 1412 | c. 1422 | son of Ivan Olshansky | |
Michael IV | ![]() |
?–1433 | c. 1422 | c. 1432 | son of Ivan Olshansky | |
Michael V Boloban | ![]() |
?–1435 | c. 1433 | c. 1435 | son of Simonas |
Gediminas[]
References[]
- ^ Wilson, Andrew (2002). The Ukrainians. Unexpected Nation. Yale University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 0-300-09309-8.
- ^ Duczko, Wladyslaw (2004). Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-04-13874-9
- ^ Noonan, Thomas (2001). The Khazar Qaghanate and Its Impact On the Early Rus' State: The translatio imperii from Itil to Kyiv. Nomads in the Sedentary World, Anatoly Mikhailovich Khazanov and Andre Wink, eds. p. 76-102. Richmond, England: Curzon. ISBN 0-7007-1370-0
- ^ Golden, Peter Benjamin (1982). The Question of the Rus' Qaganate. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. pp. 77-92
- ^ Brook, Kevin Alan (1996-2009). An Introduction to the History of Khazaria
- ^ Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The origin of Rus. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
- ^ Zuckerman, Constantine (2007). The Khazars and Byzantium - The First Encounter. In The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives - Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium, eds. Peter Benjamin Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and András Róna-Tas, pp. 399-432. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
- ^ Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kyiv))
- ^ Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kyiv
- ^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007 ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
- ^ http://izbornyk.org.ua/dynasty/dyn40.htm
See also[]
- List of Ukrainian rulers
- List of Russian rulers
- List of rulers of Lithuania
- List of rulers of Hungary
- List of Polish monarchs
- List of rulers of Galicia and Volhynia