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Grand Prince of Kyiv
Former Monarchy
File:Coat of arms of Kyiv.svg
First monarch Volodymyr the Great
Last monarch Michael of Chernigov
Monarchy started unknown
Monarchy ended 1362

Grand Prince of Kyiv (sometimes Grand Duke of Kyiv) was the title of the Kyivan prince and the ruler of Kyivan Rus' from the 10th to 13th centuries. In the 13th century, Kyiv became an appanage principality first of the Grand Prince of Volodymyr and the Golden Horde governors, and later was taken over by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

According to some Ukrainian historians (i.e., Kanyhin, Tkachuk), Ptolemy's mention of Metropolis, a Sarmatian town on the Dnipro River, shows the ancient existence of Kyiv.[1] The name Dnieper is derived from Sarmatian (Iranian) Dānu apara "the river far away."

Princes of Kyiv[]

Mythological rulers[]

Name Reign Notes
Kyi 5th or 6th c. mythological founder of Kyiv
Oleg 8th c. relation to dynasty is debatable
Bravlin 790s relation to and dynasty is debatable
Askold and Dir 870s existence debatable

According to Slavophiles, Kyi ruled since 430, one of the dates attributed to the legendary founding of Kyiv in 482, although that date relates to Kovin on the Danube in Serbia. Some historians speculate that Kyi was a Slavic prince of eastern Polans in the 6th century. Kyi's legacy along with Shchek's is mentioned in the Book of Veles, the authenticity of which, however, is disputed.

Oleg, an apocryphal Kai voivode, probably of Danish or Swedish origin, under the overlordship of the Khazar Khaganate.

Bravlin was a Varangian prince or chieftain, who led a Rus' military expedition to devastate the Crimea, from Kerch to Sugdaea, in the last years of the 8th century.

According to some Russian historians (i.e., Gleb S. Lebedev), Dir was a chacanus of Rhos (Rus' Khaganate|Rus' khagan).[2] Thomas Noonan asserts that one of the Rus' "sea-kings", the "High king", adopted the title khagan in the early 9th century.[3] Peter Benjamin Golden maintained that the Rus' became a part of the Khazar federation, and that their ruler was officially accepted as a vassal kagan of the Khazar Khaqan of Itil.[4]

Some western historians (i.e., Kevin Alan Brook) suppose that Kyiv was founded by Khazars or Magyars. Kyiv is a Turkic place name (Küi = riverbank + ev = settlement).[5] At least during the 8th and 9th centuries Kyiv functioned as an outpost of the Khazar empire (a hill-fortress, called Sambat, "high place" in Old Turkic). According to Omeljan Pritsak, Constantine Zuckerman and other scholars, Khazars lost Kyiv at the beginning of the 10th century.[6][7]

Rurik Dynasty[]

The Rurikids were descendants of Rurik (Rørikr), a Varangian pagan chieftain.

=xx[]

Ruler Native name Born Reign Death Parents Consort Notes
Oleg the Seer[8] Oleg of Novgorod Олег Віщий ?–912 882 912 Relation to Rurik is debatable
Igor I Igor the Old Ігор Рюрикович ?–945 912 945 son of Rurik I
St.Olga[9] St Olga by Nesterov in 1892 Ольга (княгиня київська) ?–969 945 962 (regent-consort)
Svyatoslav I[10] Svatoslav titularnik Святослав 942–972 962 972 son of Igor
Yaropolk Svyatoslavich 06 History Of Russia by William Tooke Ярополк Святославич c959 972-980 980 Svyatoslav Igorevich

Grand Princes of Kyiv[]

Rurik Dynasty[]

Ruler Native name Born Reign Death Parents Consort Notes
Volodymyr I the Great Vladimir Svyatoslavovich Володимир Святославич 958 980–1015 1015 Svtyatoslav Igorevich
Malusha
Olava
Uunnamed Greek nun
Rogneda Rogvolodovma
Malfrida
Adela
Anna Porphyrogenita
Unknown von Schwaben
in 988 baptized the Rus
Svyatopolk Volodymyrovych Svyatopolk the Accursed Святополк Володимирович Окаянний c980–1019 1015-1019 1019 Volodymyr Svyatoslavich
a Greek nun
Daughter of Bolesław I the Brave
Yaroslav I the Wise Bilibin yaroslav 978–1054 1019 1054 son of Volodymyr I the Great, jointly with Mstislav of Chernigov in 1024-36
Izyaslav I of Kyiv Minskizjaslav Ізяслав Ярославич 1024 1054-1073 1078 Yaroslav Volodymyrovych
Ingegerd Olofsdotter
Gertrude of Poland first time
Svyatoslav Yaroslavich Svyatoslav Izyaslavich Святослав Ярославич 1027 1073-1076 1076 Yaroslav Volodymyrovych
Ingegerd of Sweden
Cecilia of Dithmarschen
Oda von Babenberg
Izyaslav Yaroslavich Minskizjaslav Ізяслав Ярославич 1024 1076-1078 1078 Yaroslav Volodymyrovych
Ingegerd Olofsdotter
Gertrude of Poland Second time
Vsevolod Yaroslavich Vsevolod yaroslavich Всеволод Ярославич 1030 1078-1093 1093 Yaroslav Volodymyrovych
Ingegerd Olofsdotter
Anastasia Monomachos
Anna Polovetskaya
Svyatopolk Izyaslavich 14 History Of Russia by William Tooke Izyaslavichi 1050–1113 1093 1113 son of Izyaslav I
Vladimir II Monomakh Vladimir-II-Vsevolodovich Monomakh Monomakhovychi 1053–1125 1113 1125 son of Vsevolod I
Mstislav I Vladimirovich File:Mstislav I of Kyiv (Tsarskiy titulyarnik).jpg Monomakhovychi 1076–1132 1125 1132 son of Volodymyr II
Yaropolk Vladimirovich Yaropolk II of Kyiv Ярополк Володимирович 1082 1132-1139 1139 Volodymyr Monomakh
Gytha of Wessex
Yelena of Ossetia
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Viacheslav I Monomakhovychi 1083–1154 1139 1139 brother of Yaropolk II (first time)
Vsevolod Olgovich Vsevolod Ol'govich Всеволод Ольгович 2094 1139-1146 1146 Oleg Svyatoslavich
Theophano Mouzalonissa
Maria Mstislavna
Igor Olgovich CvKnyazIgor Ігор Ольгович c1095 1146 1147 Oleg Svyatoslavich
Theophano Mouzalonissa
Izyaslav Mstislavich Ізяслав II Пантелеймон Monomakhovychi 1097–1154 1146 1149 son of Mstislav I (first time)
Yuri Dovgoruky Dolgorukiy titularnik Monomakhovychi 1099–1157 1149 1151 (first time)
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Viacheslav I Monomakhovychi 1083–1154 1151 1154 (second time) jointly
Izyaslav Mstislavich Ізяслав II Пантелеймон Monomakhovychi 1097–1154 (second time) jointly
Rostislav Mstislavich Rostislav Mstislavich Monomakhovychi 1110–1167 1154 1154 brother of Izyaslav Mstislavich (first time)
Izyaslav Davydovich Izyaslav III Svyatoslavichi ?–1162 1154 1155 (first time)
Yuri Dovgoruky Dolgorukiy titularnik Monomakhovychi 1099–1157 1155 1157 (second time)
Izyaslav Davydovich Izyaslav III Svyatoslavichi ?–1162 1157 1158 (second time)
Rostislav Mstislavich Rostislav Mstislavich Monomakhovychi 1110–1167 1158 1167 (second time) jointly with Izyaslav III Davydovich in 1162
Mstislav II Izyaslavich Mstislav Izjaslavich Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) ?–1172 1167 1169 son of Izyaslav Mstislavich (first time)
Gleb Yuryevich Yurievichi (Monomakh) ?–1171 1169 1169 son of Yuri Dolgorukiy (first time)
Mstislav Izyaslavich Mstislav Izjaslavich Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) ?–1172 1170 1170 (second time)
Gleb Yuryevich Yurievichi (Monomakh) ?–1171 1170 1171 (second time)
Vladimir Mstislavich Владимир Мстиславич 1132 1171 1171 Mstislav I Vladimirovich
Mikhalko Yuryevich Mikhalko Yuryevich Михалко Юрьевич c1150 1171 1176 Yuri Dorgoruky
Olga NN
Yurievichi (Monomakh) Half-brother of Gleb
Roman Rotislavich Rostislavichi (Monomakh) ?–1180 1171 1173 son of Rostislav I (first time)
Vsevolod Yuryevich Bolshoe Gnezdo Всеволод Юрьевич Большое Гнездо Yurievichi (Monomakh) 1154 1173 1212 Yuri Dolgoruky
Olga NN
Mariya Shvarnovna
Lyubov Vasilkovna
Brother of Michael I
Ryurik Rostislavich Рюрик Ростиславич c1137 1173 1212 Rostislav Mstislavich Anna Yuryevna (first time)
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Святослав Всеволодович c1123 1174 1194 son of Vsevolod II (first time)
Yaroslav II Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) c1127–1180 1174 1175 son of Iziaslav II (first time)
Roman Rotislavich Rostislavichi (Monomakh) ?–1180 1175 1177 (second time)
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Святослав Всеволодович c1123 1177-1180 1194 (second time)
Yaroslav II Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) c1127–1180 1180 1180 (second time)
Ryurik Rostislavich Рюрик Ростиславич c1137 1180-1182 1212 Rostislav Mstislavich Anna Yuryevna (second time)
Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Святослав Всеволодович c1123 1182-1194 1194 (third time)
Ryurik Rostislavich Рюрик Ростиславич c1137 1194-1202 1212 Rostislav Mstislavich Anna Yuryevna (third time)
Roman Mstislavich Roman Mstislavich , Roman of Halych, Roman the Great Роман Мстиславич c1152 1202 1205 son of Mstislav II (1202–02)
Ingvar Yaroslavich Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) ?–? 1202 1203 son of Yaroslav II (first time)
Ryurik Rostislavich Рюрик Ростиславич c1137 1203-1206 1212 Rostislav Mstislavich Anna Yuryevna jointly (fourth time)
Roman Mstislavich Roman Mstislavich , Roman of Halych, Roman the Great Роман Мстиславич c1152 1205 son of Mstislav II, jointly (1204–04)
Rostislav Ryurikovich Ростислав Рюрикович 1172 1218 Ryurik Rostislavich jointly (1204–06)
Vsevolod IV Svyatoslavich Svyatoslavichi (Olgovichi) ?–1212 1206 1207 son of Sviatoslav III (first time)
Rurik Rostislavich Рюрик Ростиславич ?–1215 1207 1210 (fifth time)
Vsevolod IV Svyatoslavich Svyatoslavichi (Olgovichi) ?–1212 1210 1212 (second time)
Ingvar Yaroslavich Izyaslavichi (Monomakh) ?–? 1212 1214 (second time)
Mstislav III Rostislavichi (Monomakh) ?–1223 1214 1223 son of Roman I
Vladimir Ryurikovich Rostislavichi (Monomakh) 1187–1239 1223 1235 brother of Rostislav II
Izyaslav Vladimirovich 1186–? 1235-1236 son of Vladimir Igorevich
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Spas Nereditsi) Ярослав Всеволодович 1191 1236-1238 1246 Vsevolod Yuryevich
Mariya Shvarnova
Daughter of Yuri Kondakovich
Rostislava Mstislavna
(first time)
Mikhail Vsevolodovich Mikhail of Chernigov Михаил Всеволодович 1179 1238-1239 1246 Vsevolod Svyatoslavich
Maria of Poland
Yelena Romanovna (first time)

Princes of Kyiv (Mongol invasion)[]

Due to Mongol invasion in 1240 Michael of Chernigov left Kyiv to seek military assistance from the Kingdom of Hungary (Béla IV). During that time Prince of Smolensk Rostislav occupied Kyiv, but was captured the same year by Daniil Romanovich of Halych who placed his voivode Dmytro to guard Kyiv while the Grand Prince was away. Being unsuccessful in Hungary, Michael visited Konrad I in Masovia. Receiving no results in Poland, he eventually asked Daniil Romanovich of Halych for a sanctuary due to the invasion of Mongols.

Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Rostislav Mikhailovich Ростислав Михайлович 1210–1262 1239 1262 Mikhail Vsevolodovich
Yelena Romanovna of Halych
Daniil Romanovich Yurko Shkvarok.Istoriya Ukrajiny-Rusy virshamy-11 Даниил Романович 1201 1239-1240 1264 Roman Mstislavich
Anna-Euphrosyne Angelos
Anna Mstislavna
Sister of Mindaugas (c1220-c1275)
Appointed Dmytro as posadnik
Mikhail Vsevolodovich Mikhail of Chernigov Михаил Всеволодович 1179 1241-1243 1246 Vsevolod Svyatoslavich
Maria of Poland
Yelena Romanovna (second time)
Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Yaroslav Vsevolodovich (Spas Nereditsi) Ярослав Всеволодович 1191 1243-1246 1246 Vsevolod Yuryevich
Mariya Shvarnova
Daughter of Yuri Kondakovich
Rostislava Mstislavna
(second time)
Aleksandr Nevsky Alexander Newski Vladimirsky (Monomakh) 1220–1263 1246 1263 son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
Yaroslav Yaroslavich in Novgorod Yaroslav IV Vladimirsky (Monomakh) 1230–1271 1263 1271 brother of Alexander
Lev Danylovich of Halych Lev Galicia (Monomakh) 1228–1301 1271 1301 son of Daniel
Volodymyr-Ivan Ivanovich Siveria (Olgovichi) ?–? 1301 ?
Stanislav Ivanovich Siveria (Olgovichi) 1228–1301 ? 1321

Olshanski dynasty[]

Since the 14th century the principality of Kyiv started to fall under the influence of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1299 Metropolitan of Kyiv Maximus moved his metropolitan see from Kyiv to Vladimir-on-Klyazma. In 1321, after the Battle on the Irpin River, Gediminas installed one of his subjects Mindovg Olshansky from the Olshansky Family, a descendant of exiled to the Byzantine Empire family of Vseslav of Polotsk.

Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Mindovg Olshansky POL COA Hippocentaurus ?–? 1321 1324
Olgimunt (Algimantas) POL COA Hippocentaurus ?–? 1324 1331[11] son of Mindovg Olshansky

Rurik dynasty[]

In 1331 Kyiv once again was taken by members of Rurik dynasty (Olgovich branch), the prince of Putivl.

Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Fyodor (Teodoras) Siverski (Olgovichi) ?–? 1331 1362 son of Budvydas
Prince of Kyiv
Former Monarchy
File:Coat of arms of Kyiv.svg
First monarch Volodymyr Olgierdovich
Last monarch Simonas
Monarchy started 1362
Monarchy ended 1471

After the Battle of Blue Waters (1362), Kyiv and surrounding areas were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Gediminids[]

Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Volodymyr Olgierdovich COA of Gediminaičiai dynasty Lithuania ?–? 1362 1394 son of Algirdas
Skirgailo Skirgaila COA of Gediminaičiai dynasty Lithuania 1354–1397 1395 1397 son of Algirdas

Olshanski[]

Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Ivan POL COA Hippocentaurus ?–? 1397 c. 1402 son of Olgimunt (in 1404-11 Jurgis Gedgaudas as voivode)
Andrew POL COA Hippocentaurus ?–? c. 1412 c. 1422 son of Ivan Olshansky
Michael IV POL COA Hippocentaurus ?–1433 c. 1422 c. 1432 son of Ivan Olshansky
Michael V Boloban POL COA Hippocentaurus ?–1435 c. 1433 c. 1435 son of Simonas

Gediminas[]

Portrait Name Branch Born-Died Ruled From Ruled Until Notes
Lithuanian Grand Duke Švitrigaila Boleslav COA of Gediminaičiai dynasty Lithuania 1370–1452 1432 1440 son of Algirdas
Alexander-Olelko Herb Pogon Litewska ?–1454 1443 1454 son of Vladimir
Simon Olelkovich Herb Pogon Litewska 1418–1470 1454 1470 son of Alexander

References[]

  1. ^ Wilson, Andrew (2002). The Ukrainians. Unexpected Nation. Yale University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 0-300-09309-8. 
  2. ^ Duczko, Wladyslaw (2004). Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-04-13874-9
  3. ^ Noonan, Thomas (2001). The Khazar Qaghanate and Its Impact On the Early Rus' State: The translatio imperii from Itil to Kyiv. Nomads in the Sedentary World, Anatoly Mikhailovich Khazanov and Andre Wink, eds. p. 76-102. Richmond, England: Curzon. ISBN 0-7007-1370-0
  4. ^ Golden, Peter Benjamin (1982). The Question of the Rus' Qaganate. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. pp. 77-92
  5. ^ Brook, Kevin Alan (1996-2009). An Introduction to the History of Khazaria
  6. ^ Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). The origin of Rus. Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute.
  7. ^ Zuckerman, Constantine (2007). The Khazars and Byzantium - The First Encounter. In The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives - Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium, eds. Peter Benjamin Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and András Róna-Tas, pp. 399-432. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
  8. ^ Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kyiv))
  9. ^ Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kyiv
  10. ^ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007 ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
  11. ^ http://izbornyk.org.ua/dynasty/dyn40.htm

See also[]

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