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Honolulu County, Hawaii
—  Consolidated city-county  —
City and County of Honolulu
Kūlanakauhale a me ke Kalana o HonoluluInvalid language code.
Honolulu01
Downtown Honolulu, the city and county urban center.
Flag of Honolulu, Hawaii
Flag
Seal of Honolulu, Hawaii
Seal
Motto: Haʻaheo No ʻO Honolulu
(The Pride of Honolulu)[1]
Map of Hawaii highlighting Honolulu County
Location in the state of Hawaii (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands not shown)
Country Flag of the United States United States
State Flag of Hawaii Hawaii
Incorporated April 30, 1907[2]
Seat Honolulu
Government
 • Type Mayor-Council
 • Mayor Rick Blangiardi (I)
 • Council
Area
 • Total 2,128 sq mi (5,510 km2)
 • Land 601 sq mi (1,560 km2)
 • Water 1,527 sq mi (3,950 km2)  71.8%
Population (2020)
 • Total 1,016,508
 • Density 1,691/sq mi (653/km2)
Time zone Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time (UTC-10)
ZIP Code 96801–96898
Area code(s) 808
Website www.honolulu.gov

Honolulu County (officially known as the City and County of Honolulu, formerly Oahu County) is a consolidated city–county in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The city–county includes both the city of Honolulu (the state's capital and largest city) and the rest of the island of Oʻahu, as well as several minor outlying islands, including all of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (islands beyond Niihau) except Midway Atoll.[2]

The consolidated city-county was established in the city charter adopted in 1907 and accepted by the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaiʻi.[2] As a municipal corporation and jurisdiction it manages aspects of government traditionally exercised by both municipalities and counties in the rest of the United States.

As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 1,016,508.[4] Because of Hawaii's municipal structure,[5] the United States Census Bureau divides Honolulu County into several census-designated places for statistical purposes.

The mayor of Honolulu County is Rick Blangiardi. The county motto is "Haʻaheo No ʻO Honolulu (Honolulu Pride)".[6] About 70% of the state's population lives in Honolulu County. Only Nevada has a higher percentage of its population living in its most populous county.

Geography[]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,128 square miles (5,510 km2), of which 601 square miles (1,560 km2) is land and 1,527 square miles (3,950 km2) (71.8%) is water.[7] However, the majority of this area is the Pacific Ocean that surrounds the islands. At over 1,380 miles from end to end, it is by a significant margin the widest county in the United States.

Adjacent counties[]

National protected areas[]

  • James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge
  • Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge
  • Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
  • Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge
  • USS Arizona Memorial

Government[]

Local government[]

Originally governed by a Board of Supervisors, the Honolulu County is administered under a mayor-council system of governance overseeing all municipal services: civil defense, emergency medical, fire, parks and recreation, police, sanitation, streets, and water, among others. For 2013, the county has an annual operating budget of US$2.16 billion.[8][9]

The government of Honolulu County is simplified and streamlined and coalesces at three major divisions of municipal power.

  • The mayor of Honolulu is the principal executor of administrative authority. The mayor is elected on a non-partisan basis to a four-year term.
  • The Honolulu City Council is the unicameral legislative body. Its elected members are responsible for drafting and passing laws, as well as proposing budgets for various departments. Unlike other cities in the United States, the council is absolutely independent of the mayor, who does not make any appearances during any of the council sessions. The nine council members each represent one of nine districts, and are elected on a non-partisan basis to staggered four-year terms.
  • The Prosecuting Attorney of Honolulu is independently elected of the other two major divisions of municipal power, and is charged with prosecuting criminal offenses committed within the county.[10] The office is not charged with providing legal counsel to the mayor or City Council; that duty is a responsibility of the Department of Corporation Counsel, under mayoral jurisdiction.[11] The prosecuting attorney is elected on a non-partisan basis to a four-year term.[12]

The Honolulu County is divided into 36 neighborhood boards. The office of neighborhood board member is an advisory position for public policy and civil investment. Members are elected to two-year terms.

County districts[]

Honolulu County districts

Honolulu County Administrative Districts

Honolulu-Hale-frontcornerview

Honolulu Hale is the county seat, home of the County mayor and council.

Honolulu County has nine districts, each of which elects a member of the city-county council. The boundaries of each district are revised every ten years in conjunction with the U.S. Census.

  • District I: ʻEwa, ʻEwa Beach, Honouliuli, West Loch, Kapolei, Makakilo, Kalaeloa, Honokai Hale and Nanakai Gardens, Ko Olina, Nānākuli, Waiʻanae, Mākaha, Keaʻau, Mākua.
  • District II: Mililani Mauka, Wahiawā, Whitmore Village, Mokulēʻia, Waialua, Haleʻiwa, Waimea, Pūpūkea, Sunset Beach, Kahuku, ʻie, Hauʻula, Punaluʻu, Kahana Bay, Kaʻaʻawa, Kualoa, Waiāhole, Kahaluʻu, ʻĀhuimanu, Heʻeia.
  • District III: Waimānalo, Kailua, Kāneʻohe.
  • District IV: Hawaiʻi Kai, Kuliʻouʻou, Niu Valley, ʻĀina Haina, Wailupe, Waiʻalae-Iki, Kalani Valley, Kāhala, Wilhelmina Rise, a portion of Kapahulu, a portion of Kaimukī, Diamond Head, Waikīkī, Ala Moana.
  • District V: Kapahulu, Kaimukī, Pālolo Valley, St. Louis Heights, Mānoa, ʻiliʻili, McCully, Kakaʻako, Ala Moana, Makiki.
  • District VI: Makiki, downtown Honolulu, Punchbowl, Liliha, Pauoa Valley, Nuʻuanu, ʻĀlewa Heights, Papakōlea, Kalihi Valley, Kalihi.
  • District VII: Kalihi, Kapālama (aka Pālama), Iwilei, Sand Island, Māpunapuna, Airport, Hickam, Pearl Harbor, Ford Island, Āliamanu, Salt Lake, Foster Village, Aloha Stadium, Hālawa Valley Estates.
  • District VIII: Fort Shafter, Moanalua, Hālawa, ʻAiea, Pearl City, Seaview, Crestview.
  • District IX: Waikele, Waipahu, Village Park, Kunia, Mililani, Waipiʻo Gentry.

Civic center[]

The civic center is coextensive with what is known as the Capitol District in downtown Honolulu. The official seat of governance for the Honolulu County is located within the district at Honolulu Hale, established in the 1920s as a city hall structure and houses the chambers of the mayor of Honolulu and the Honolulu City Council. In the 1960s and 1970s, Mayor Frank Fasi developed the modern civic center as it is known today. He took controversial and aggressive measures to reclaim property, demolish massive concrete structures in the area, construct underground parking facilities and open a green campus above ground with manicured lawns and specially commissioned sculpted artwork. He also oversaw the construction of new government buildings, to house the departments that fell within mayoral jurisdiction. The most prominent of those new buildings were the Honolulu Municipal Building and Hale Makaʻi, the headquarters of the Honolulu Police Department. Civic centers were also constructed off the Capitol District campus, including the Kapiʻolani Bandstand, Neal S. Blaisdell Center, and the Waikīkī Shell.

Municipal services[]

The Honolulu County collects various forms of taxes, including a property tax. Revenue from those taxes is used to provide several services for the residents.

Services include:

  • Honolulu Board of Water Supply
  • Honolulu Fire Department
  • Honolulu Emergency Medical Services
  • TheBus
  • Honolulu Police Department
  • The Liquor Commission regulates intoxicating liquors.

State representation[]

Hawaii State Capitol, Honolulu

The Capitol of the State of Hawaiʻi

The Hawaii Department of Public Safety operates three prisons, including the Halawa Correctional Facility, the Waiawa Correctional Facility, and the Women's Community Correctional Center,[13] on the island of Oahu in the City and County of Honolulu.[14] In addition the Oahu Community Correctional Center, the jail on Oahu Island, is in the County.[15]

Federal representation[]

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Honolulu County. The main one is located by the Honolulu International Airport at 3600 Aolele Street.[16] Federal Detention Center, Honolulu, operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, is in the CDP.[17] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Honolulu field office is in Kapolei.[18] The Kunia Regional SIGINT Operations Center of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Wheeler Army Airfield are in Honolulu County.

Honolulu County like the rest of Hawaii is a Democratic stronghold, although it tends to be the most Republican county in the state.

United States presidential election results for Honolulu County, Hawaii[19]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 136,259 35.66% 238,869 62.51% 6,986 1.83%
2016 90,326 31.61% 175,696 61.48% 19,768 6.92%
2012 88,461 29.81% 204,349 68.86% 3,932 1.33%
2008 88,164 28.74% 214,239 69.83% 4,410 1.44%
2004 144,157 48.29% 152,500 51.08% 1,890 0.63%
2000 101,310 39.58% 139,618 54.54% 15,062 5.88%
1996 85,779 33.61% 143,793 56.33% 25,684 10.06%
1992 103,937 39.10% 123,908 46.61% 37,996 14.29%
1988 120,258 45.97% 138,971 53.13% 2,348 0.90%
1984 140,323 56.08% 107,444 42.94% 2,470 0.99%
1980 99,596 44.27% 96,472 42.88% 28,927 12.86%
1976 108,041 48.56% 111,389 50.07% 3,046 1.37%
1972 132,844 63.32% 76,957 36.68% 0 0.00%
1968 71,259 39.11% 108,141 59.35% 2,794 1.53%
1964 33,536 21.58% 121,859 78.42% 0 0.00%
1960 65,541 48.75% 68,915 51.25% 0 0.00%



Demographics[]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1900 58,504
1910 81,993 40.1%
1920 123,496 50.6%
1930 202,887 64.3%
1940 257,696 27.0%
1950 353,020 37.0%
1960 500,409 41.8%
1970 629,176 25.7%
1980 762,565 21.2%
1990 836,231 9.7%
2000 876,156 4.8%
2010 953,207 8.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1790-1960[21] 1900-1990[22]
1990-2000[23] 2010-2018[4]

As of the census[24] of 2010, there were 953,207 people, 311,047 households, and 217,842 families residing in Honolulu County. The population density was 1,461 people per square mile (564/km2). There were 315,988 housing units at an average density of 527/sq mi (203/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 43.9% Asian, 20.8% white, 9.5% Pacific Islander, 2.0% black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% from other races, and 22.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.1% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were:

In the census of 2000, there were 286,450 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.46.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.80% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.

Metropolitan Statistical Area[]

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated Honolulu County as the Urban Honolulu, HI Metropolitan Statistical Area.[25] The United States Census Bureau ranked the Urban Honolulu, HI Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 54th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 61st most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[26][27]

Economy[]

Hawaiian Airlines,[28] Island Air,[29] and Aloha Air Cargo are headquartered in the CDP.[30][31] Prior to its dissolution, Aloha Airlines was headquartered in the CDP.[31][32] Other major companies headquartered in Honolulu CDP include First Hawaiian Bank, Bank of Hawaii, and the Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO).

Diplomatic missions[]

Several countries have diplomatic facilities in Honolulu County. The Consulate-General of Japan in Honolulu is located at 1742 Nuuanu Avenue.[33] The Consulate-General of South Korea in Honolulu is located at 2756 Pali Highway.[34] The Consulate-General of the Philippines in Honolulu is located at 2433 Pali Highway.[35] The Consulate-General of the Federated States of Micronesia in Honolulu is located in Suite 908 at 3049 Ualena Street.[36] The Consulate-General of Australia in Honolulu is located in the penthouse of 1000 Bishop Street.[37] The Consulate-General of the Marshall Islands is located in Suite 301 at 1888 Lusitana Street.[38] The Consulate of the Republic of Kiribati is located at 95 Nakolo Place, Room 265.

Transportation[]

Daniel Inouye Airport Aloha Sign

Honolulu International Airport

HNL reef runway

HNL "reef runway" (8R/26L)

Interstate H-1

Interstate H-1 eastbound into the urban Downtown Honolulu

Air[]

Located on the western end of the Honolulu census-designated place, Honolulu International Airport (HNL) is the principal aviation gateway to the state of Hawaii. Numerous airlines fly Pacific-wide to and from Honolulu International Airport. Locally based Hawaiian Airlines also operates flights to destinations within the islands of Hawaii and to major destinations across the Pacific.

Major Highways[]

  • I-H1 H-1
  • I-H2 H-2
  • I-H3 H-3
  • Template:Jct/2
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
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  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
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  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]
  • [[Template:Infobox road/HI/link HI|Template:Infobox road/HI/abbrev HI]]

Public transportation[]

Bus[]

Established by former Mayor Frank F. Fasi, Honolulu's public transit system has been twice honored by the American Public Transportation Association bestowing the title of "America's Best Transit System" for 1994–1995 and 2000–2001. Oahu Transit Services' "TheBus" operates 107 routes with a fleet of 525 buses.

In 2004, construction had started on a bus rapid transit (BRT) system using dedicated rights-of-way for buses. The system, proposed by then Mayor Jeremy Harris, was expected to link the Iwilei neighborhood with Waikiki. However, former Mayor Mufi Hannemann largely dismantled the BRT system and deployed its buses along other express bus routes.

Most buses in TheBus roster were manufactured by Gillig Corporation of Hayward, California, with the exception of articulated buses made by New Flyer, the latter also providing standard buses, likewise from Nova Bus.

Rail[]

Currently, there is no urban rail transit system in Honolulu, although electric street railways were used during the early days of Honolulu's history. The last major attempt was called the Honolulu Area Rail Rapid Transit project, popularly known as HART. Proposed in 1968 by Mayor Neal S. Blaisdell and supported by his successor, Frank Fasi, HART was originally envisioned as a 29-mile (47 km) line from Pearl City to Hawaii Kai. By 1980, however, the project's length was cut to an 8-mile (13 km) segment between the University of Hawaii at Manoa and Honolulu International Airport.

In the wake of proposed budget cuts by President Ronald Reagan, including the elimination of all funding for transit projects by 1985, newly elected Mayor Eileen Anderson cancelled the project in 1981 and returned grants and funding to their sources,[39][40] arguing the project would break her vow of fiscal responsibility.[41][42]

Several attempts had been made since Anderson's cancellation of HART to construct a fixed rail mass transit system. All attempts stalled in Honolulu City Council hearings until in 2004, the city, county and state approved development of an action plan for a system to be built in several phases. The initial line proposed linking Kapolei in West Oahu to the University of Hawaii at Manoa. However, on December 22, 2006 the city council approved a fixed-guideway system meant to accommodate either rail or buses, running from Kapolei in West Oahu to Ala Moana, with spurs into Waikiki and Manoa.

On November 4, 2008 50.6% (156,151) of Honolulu County voted to approve a new $4.5 billion rail project that would connect West Oahu with downtown, Waikiki and University of Hawaii. The trains are planned to be approximately 200 feet (61 m) long, electric, steel wheel to steel rail technology and will capable of carrying more than 300 passengers each.[43][44] The rail project is currently projected to cost $5.27B.[45]

After early delays and postponed dates from not receiving a final approval from then-Governor Linda Lingle to issues involving burial sites, a ground-breaking ceremony to signal the beginning of construction was held on February 22, 2011.[46][47] Despite the go-ahead, there were still other legal hurdles as the argument over burial sites continued to be a major issue that lead to court order in 2012 to have construction temporary halted.[48] The project itself was once again a political issue in the 2012 mayoral race with former governor Ben Cayetano entering the race in the hopes of killing the project altogether, while then-mayor Carlisle and his predecessor Caldwell both wanted the project to continue. This would result in Carlisle coming in third in the August 2012 primary and leading to a run-off between Cayetano and Caldwell in the November 2012 general election, with Caldwell defeating Cayetano[49] with the support of groups and the public who wanted the rail project to continue. In December 2012, a court order allowed the rail project to resume in all but the one of the two phases so more burial sites could be uncovered.[50]

Education[]

Colleges and universities[]

Colleges and universities in Honolulu County include The University of Hawaii System, consisting of University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Community College and Kapiolani Community College in the Honolulu CDP, Leeward Community College in Pearl City, University of Hawaii-West Oahu in Kapolei, and Windward Community College in Kaneohe. UH Manoa houses the main offices of the University of Hawaii System.[51] New Hope Christian College The private institutions serving the county include Chaminade University, Hawaii Pacific University, and Remington College (Honolulu Campus) in the Honolulu CDP and Brigham Young University–Hawaii in Laie CDP.

Primary and secondary schools[]

Hawaii Department of Education operates public schools in Honolulu.

Public libraries[]

Hawaii State Public Library System operates public libraries. The Hawaii State Library in the Honolulu CDP serves as the main library of the system,[52] while the Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, also in the CDP, serves handicapped and blind people.[53] In addition the system operates 22 branch libraries throughout the county.[54]

Arts and culture[]

First Hawaiian Center Tower in Honolulu, Hawaii USA

With symbolic native-styled architectural features, the First Hawaiian Center is the tallest building in Hawaii and home to a Honolulu Museum of Art Spalding House gallery.

Performing arts[]

Established in 1900, the Honolulu Symphony is the oldest US symphony orchestra west of the Rocky Mountains. Other classical music ensembles include the Hawaii Opera Theatre. Honolulu is also a center for Hawaiian music. The main music venues include the Neal Blaisdell Center Concert Hall, the Waikiki Shell, and the Hawaii Theatre.

Honolulu also includes several venues for live theater, including the Diamond Head Theatre.

Visual arts[]

There are various institutions supported by the state and private entities for the advancement of the visual arts. The Honolulu Museum of Art is endowed with the largest collection of Asian and Western art in Hawaii. It also has the largest collection of Islamic art, housed at the Shangri La estate. Since the merger of the Honolulu Academy of Arts and The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu (now called the Honolulu Museum of Art Spalding House) in 2011, the museum is also the only contemporary art museum in the state. The contemporary collections are housed at main campus (Spalding House) in Makiki and a multi-level gallery in downtown Honolulu at the First Hawaiian Center. The museum hosts a film and video program dedicated to arthouse and world cinema in the museum's Doris Duke Theatre, named for the academy's historic patroness Doris Duke.

The Hawaii State Art Museum is also located in downtown Honolulu at No. 1 Capitol District Building and boasts a collection of art pieces created by local artists as well as traditional Hawaiian art. The museum is administered by the Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts.

Natural museums[]

Recognized internationally as the premier cultural institution of Hawaii,[55] the Bishop Museum is the largest of Honolulu's museums.[56] It is endowed with the state's largest collection of natural history specimens and the world's largest collection of Hawaiiana and Pacific culture artifacts. The Honolulu Zoo is the main zoological institution in Hawaii while the Waikiki Aquarium is a working marine biology laboratory. The Waikiki Aquarium is partnered with the University of Hawaii and other universities worldwide. Established for appreciation and botany, Honolulu is home to several gardens: Foster Botanical Garden, Liliuokalani Botanical Garden, Walker Estate, among others.

Sports[]

Aloha Stadium, Hawaii

Aloha Stadium

Currently, Honolulu has no professional sports teams. Honolulu's Aloha Stadium was a long time host of the NFL's annual Pro Bowl from 1980 to 2016. The NCAA's Hawaii Bowl is played at Aloha Stadium annually. Games are hosted at Les Murakami and Hans L'Orange Park. Fans of spectator sports in Honolulu generally support the football, volleyball, basketball, and baseball programs of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. High school sporting events, especially football, are especially popular. Venues for spectator sports in Honolulu include:

  • Aloha Stadium (American football and soccer)
  • Les Murakami Stadium at UH-Manoa (baseball)
  • Stan Sheriff Center at UH-Manoa (basketball and volleyball)
  • Neal Blaisdell Center Arena (basketball)

Honolulu's mild climate lends itself to year-round fitness activities as well. In 2004, Men's Fitness magazine named Honolulu the fittest city in the nation. Honolulu is home to three large road races:

  • The Great Aloha Run is held annually on Presidents' Day.
  • The Honolulu Marathon, held annually on the second Sunday in December, draws more than 20,000 participants each year, about half to two thirds of them from Japan.
  • The Honolulu Triathlon is an Olympic distance triathlon event governed by USA Triathlon. Held annually in May since 2004, there is an absence of a sprint course.

Media[]

Honolulu County is home to numerous forms media including newspapers, magazines, radio and television.

Communities[]

Census-designated places[]

  • ʻĀhuimanu
  • ʻAiea
  • East Honolulu
  • ʻEwa Beach
  • ʻEwa Gentry
  • ʻEwa Villages
  • Hālawa
  • Haleʻiwa
  • Hauʻula
  • Heʻeia
  • Hickam Housing
  • Honolulu
  • Iroquois Point
  • Kaʻaʻawa
  • Kahaluʻu
  • Kahuku
  • Kailua
  • Kalaeloa
  • Kāneʻohe
  • Kaneohe Station (Marine Corps Base Hawaiʻi)
  • Kapolei
  • Kawela Bay
  • Ko Olina
  • ʻie
  • ʻili
  • Mākaha
  • Mākaha Valley
  • Makakilo
  • Maunawili
  • Mililani Mauka
  • Mililani Town
  • Mokulēʻia
  • Nānākuli
  • Ocean Pointe
  • Pearl City
  • Punaluʻu
  • Pūpūkea
  • Royal Kunia (formerly Village Park)
  • Schofield Barracks
  • Urban Honolulu
  • Wahiawā
  • Waiāhole
  • Waialua
  • Waiʻanae
  • Waikāne
  • Waikele
  • Waimalu
  • Waimānalo
  • Waimānalo Beach
  • Waipahu
  • Waipiʻo
  • Waipiʻo Acres
  • West Loch Estate
  • Wheeler Army Airfield
  • Whitmore Village

Other places[]

  • ʻĀina Haina
  • Hawaiʻi Kai
  • Pauoa

Sister cities[]

Template:Excerpt

See also[]

  • Central Oahu Regional Park
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu

References[]

  1. ^ "Events, Official Web Site for The City and County of Honolulu." City and County of Honolulu. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  2. ^ a b c "About the City and County of Honolulu" (Government website). City and County of Honolulu. http://www1.honolulu.gov/cchnl.htm. 
  3. ^ "Council Members". City & County of Honolulu. http://www.honolulu.gov/component/content/article/172-site-ccl-cat/1740-ccl-view-council-members.html?Itemid=597. 
  4. ^ a b "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html. 
  5. ^ "Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Population per Square Mile, 2000 in Alphabetic Order". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2008-07-10. https://www.census.gov/statab/ccdb/cit1040a.txt. 
  6. ^ "Events, Official Web Site for The City and County of Honolulu." City and County of Honolulu. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  7. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html. 
  8. ^ Grube, Nick (June 21, 2013). "Caldwell: Brace for Cuts in Honolulu City Services". Honolulu Civil Beat (Peer News). http://www.civilbeat.com/articles/2013/06/21/19361-caldwell-brace-for-cuts-in-honolulu-city-services/. 
  9. ^ Pang, Gordon Y.K. (June 22, 2013). "Budget bills pass after Caldwell refuses to sign". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. http://www.staradvertiser.com/newspremium/20130622_Budget_bills_pass_after_Caldwell_refuses_to_sign.html.  (subscription required)
  10. ^ "Department of the Prosecuting Attorney: Welcome". HonoluluProsecutor.com. 2013. http://www.honoluluprosecutor.com/introduction.html. 
  11. ^ "Department of the Corporation Counsel". Honolulu.gov. September 24, 2013. http://www1.honolulu.gov/cor/. 
  12. ^ "Department of the Prosecuting Attorney: About". HonoluluProsecutor.com. 2013. http://www.honoluluprosecutor.com/about.html. 
  13. ^ "Prisons." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
  14. ^ "Institutions Division." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
  15. ^ "Oahu Community Correctional Center." Hawaii Department of Public Safety. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
  16. ^ "Post Office Location - HONOLULU." United States Postal Service. Retrieved May 21, 2009.
  17. ^ "FDC Honolulu Contact Information." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
  18. ^ "Honolulu Division." Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved on June 9, 2015. "91-1300 Enterprise Street Kapolei, HI 96707"
  19. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/. 
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