 |
Wikipedia | ||||
| |||||
- Hugh Magnus (the Great), Count of Vermandois
- Hugh le Maisné, (the Younger), Count of Vermandois
- Prince of France
Hugh Capet de Vermandois, Count of Vermandois, was born 1053 in Meulan-en-Yvelines, France to Henry I of France (1008-1060) and Anna Yaroslavna of Kiev (c1028-1075) and died 18 October 1101 Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey of unspecified causes. He married Adelaide de Vermandois (1064-1120) 1067 JL in France.
Biography
Hugh, Count of Vermandois called the Great was the first Count of Vermandois from the House of Capet. * He is known primarily for being one of the leaders of the First Crusade. His nickname Magnus (greater or elder) is probably a bad translation into medieval Latin of an Old French nickname, le Maisné, meaning "the younger", referring to Hugh as younger brother of King Philip I of France (1052-1108).[lower-alpha 1]
Early years
- Hugh was a younger son of King Henry I of France and Anne of Kiev
- Younger brother of Philip I.[3]
- He became the first Capetian Count of Vermandois after his mentally deficient brother-in-law, Odo, was disinherited.
- In 1085, Hugh helped William the Conqueror repel a Danish invasion of England.[4]
First Crusade
In early 1096, Hugh and Philip began discussing the First Crusade after news of the Council of Clermont reached them in Paris.[5] Although Philip could not participate, as he had been excommunicated,[3] Hugh was said to have been influenced to join the Crusade after an eclipse of the moon on 11 February 1096.[5] In late August 1096, Hugh and his Crusader army left France and travelled via the Alps and Rome to Bari, where he would cross the Adriatic Sea into territory of the Byzantine Empire, unlike most crusaders who travelled over land.[6]
His armada was possibly commanded by Arnout II, Count of Aarschot. According to Anna Comnena's chronicle the Alexiad, Hugh sent a message (that she called absurd) to her father, Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, demanding a proper welcome:
Know, Emperor, that I am the King of Kings, the greatest of all beneath the heavens. It is fitting that I should be met on my arrival and received with the pomp and ceremony appropriate to my noble birth.[7]}}
In response to this message the emperor sent instructions to his nephew John Komnenos, the doux (governor) of Dyrrhachium, and Nicholas Maurokatakalon, commander of the Byzantine fleet, to look out for Hugh and to inform him immediately when he arrived.[7]
The routes of the crusaders, with Hugh's coloured magenta
Meanwhile Hugh had reached the coast of Longobardi and dispatched twenty-four envoys to the Doux of Dyrrhachium with the following message: "Be it known to you, Doux, that our Lord Hugh is almost here. He brings with him from Rome the golden standard of St Peter. Understand, moreover, that he is supreme commander of the Frankish army. See to it then that he is accorded a reception worthy of his rank and yourself prepare to meet him."[8] Whilst sailing the Adriatic Sea from Bari towards Illyricum, Hugh's fleet was overtaken by a heavy storm and most ships were lost. His own ship was thrown upon the shore near Epirus. When Hugh was found and brought to Dyrrhachium John Komnenos treated him to a banquet and he was allowed to rest. By order of the emperor Hugh was closely escorted by Manuel Boutoumites. Eventually Hugh was given an audience by the emperor, who persuaded him to become his liegeman.[9]
The German historian Hans Eberhard Mayer argued that Alexius was fortunate that the first contingent of the crusader army to arrive in Constantinople, led by Hugh, was very small and easy to control. Alexius 'discreetly but unmistakably' restricted Hugh's freedom of movement 'until he was ready to swear that all territories which had belonged to Byzantium before the Turkish invasions would be restored. Moreover any conquests made to the east [...] would be held as fiefs.'[10]
Anna Comnena recorded a conversation between Hugh and Godfrey of Bouillon, wherein Hugh tried to persuade Godfrey to pledge allegiance to Alexius. Godfrey, however, refused, saying: "you left your own country as a ruler [...] with all that wealth and a strong army; now from the heights you've brought yourself to the level of a slave. And then, as if you had won some great success, have you come here to tell me to do the same?" Hugh replied: "we ought to have stayed in our own countries and kept our hands off other people's [...] but since we've come thus far and need the emperor's protection, no good will come of it unless we obey his orders."[11]
After the Crusaders had successfully made their way across Seljuk territory and, in 1098, captured the city after siege of Antioch, Hugh was sent back to Constantinople to appeal for reinforcements from Alexius. The emperor was uninterested,[lower-alpha 2] however, and Hugh, instead of returning to Antioch to help plan the siege of Jerusalem, went back to France. There he was scorned for not having fulfilled his vow as a Crusader to complete a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and Pope Paschal II threatened to excommunicate him. He joined the subsequent Crusade of 1101, but was wounded in battle with the Turks led by Kilij Arslan at the second battle of Heraclea in September, and died of his wounds in October in Tarsus.[12]
Family
Hugh married Adelaide of Vermandois,[13] the daughter of Herbert IV de Vermandois (1032-1080) and Adèle de Valois (c1052-c1096). The couple had the following nine children:
- Matilda de Vermandois (1080-1130), who married Ralph I of Beaugency;[13]
- Elizabeth, Countess of Leicester, [14] married, firstly, Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester[15] and secondly, William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey
- Agnes de Vermandois (1083-aft1125), who married Boniface del Vasto
- Constance de Vermandois (1083-c1130), who married Godfrey de la Ferté-Gaucher
- Ralph I, Count of Vermandois married, firstly, Eleanor of Champagne [16] and secondly, Petronille of Aquitaine[16]
- Beatrix de Vermandois (1090-c1145), who married Hugh IV of Gournay
- Henri de Vermandois (-1130) Lord of Chaumont en Vexin
- Simon de Vermandois (-1148)
- William de Vermandois (c1090-1096) - died young
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Matilda de Vermandois (1080-1130) | 1080 | 1130 | Raoul I de Beaugency (1068-1113) |
| Elizabeth de Vermandois (c1081-1131) | 1081 Saint-Quentin, France | 13 February 1131 Meulan, France | Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester (1049-1118) William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (1080-1138) |
| Agnes de Vermandois (1083-aft1125) | 1083 Vermandois | 1125 | Boniface del Vasto (1060-c1131) |
| Constance de Vermandois (1083-c1130) | 1083 | 1130 | Geoffroy de Meaux (1090-1152) |
| Raoul I de Vermandois (1085-1152) | 1085 | 14 October 1152 | Eléonore of Blois (c1104-1147) Petronille de Poitiers (1125-1153) Laurette of Flanders (c1125-1170) |
| Beatrix de Vermandois (1090-c1145) | |||
| Henri de Vermandois (-1130) | |||
| Simon de Vermandois (-1148) | |||
| William de Vermandois (c1090-1096) | |||
Siblings
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Fille de France (c1040-1044) | 1040 | 1044 | |
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Philip I of France (1052-1108) | 23 May 1052 | 29 July 1108 Melun | Bertha van Holland (c1058-1094) Bertrade de Montfort (c1059-1117) |
| Hugh de Vermandois (1053-1101) | 1053 Meulan-en-Yvelines, France | 18 October 1101 Tarsus, Mersin, Turkey | Adelaide de Vermandois (1064-1120) |
| Emma Capet (1054-c1109) | 1054 | 1109 | |
| Robert Capet (c1055-c1060) | 1055 | 1060 | |
Descendants
Hugh is noted for having a very great royal posterity, that through him can trace their lineage to Charlemagne, Rollo the Viking, and Rurik of Russia (See Charlemagne Family Ancestry).
See Also
- Hugh Vermandois - disambiguation
- Vermandois Family
- Charlemagne Family Ancestry
- Capetian dynasty
- House of Normandy
- Count of Vermandois
- wikipedia:en:Hugh, Count of Vermandois
- Hugh de Crépi, Comte de Vermandois et de Valois at thePeerage
- Capetian Kings - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
- Hugues I 'Magnus', Comte de Vermandois - Geni.com
- Hugh, Count of Vermandois at Find A Grave
- Asbridge, Thomas (2004). The First Crusade, a new history. The roots of conflict between Christianity and Islam. Oxford University Press.
- Louis VII and his World. Brill. 2018.
- Brown, Reginald Allen (1984). The Normans. The Boydell Press.
- Crouch, David (2008). "The Historian, Lineage and Heraldry 1050-1250". Heraldry, Pageantry and Social Display in Medieval England. Boydell Press.
- Flori, Jean (1999) (in French). Pierre L'Ermite et la Première Croisade. Fayard.
- Guibert of Nogent (1996). Huygens, R.B.C.. ed. Dei gesta per Francos. 7. Turnhout.
- Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum. London. 1962.
- Komnene, Anna (2009). The Alexiad. Penguin.
- Mayer, Hans Eberhard (1972). Gillingham, John. ed. The Crusades. Oxford University Press.
- Peters, Edward (1971). The First Crusade. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0812210174.
- de Pontfarcy, Yolande (1995). "Si Marie de France était Marie de Meulan" (in French). Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale Année 38-152.
- Suger (1992). The Deeds of Louis the Fat. Catholic University of America Press.
- Tyerman, Christopher (2015). How to Plan a Crusade. Reason and Religious War in the High Middle Ages. Pegasus.
References
- ^ Guibert of Nogent 1996, p. 313.
- ^ Hill & Mynors 1962, p. xi-xii.
- ^ a b Peters 1971, p. 35.
- ^ Tyerman 2015, p. 133.
- ^ a b Flori 1999, p. 232.
- ^ Asbridge 2004, p. 92.
- ^ a b Komnene 2009, p. 279.
- ^ Komnene 2009, p. 280.
- ^ Komnene 2009, p. 280-281.
- ^ Mayer 1972, p. 48.
- ^ Komnene 2009, p. 288.
- ^ Brown 1984, p. 161.
- ^ a b Suger 1992, p. 191-192.
- ^ Crouch 2008, p. 30.
- ^ de Pontfarcy 1995, p. 359.
- ^ a b Bardot & Marvin 2018, p. ix.
Hugh de Vermandois (1053-1101) Born: 1057 Died: 18 October 1101
| ||
| French nobility | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Odo |
Count of Vermandois with Adelaide 1085–1101 |
Succeeded by Ralph I |
Footnotes (including sources)
| ‡ General |
| Ω Birth |
|
AMK152, Rtol, Phlox, Thurstan, MainTour
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found
