John Hanks "Railsplitter" was born 9 February 1802 in Beardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky, United States to William Hanks (1764-1851) and Elizabeth Hall (1766-1844) and died circa 1889 Decatur, Macon County, Illinois, United States of unspecified causes. He married Susan Malinda Wilson (1804-1863) 1826 in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States.
Biography
John Hanks was a first cousin, once removed of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), his mother's cousin. He was the son of William Hanks (1764-1851), Nancy Hanks Lincoln's uncle and grandson of Joseph Hanks (1725-1793).
He played a famous role in helping his cousin win the 1860 US Presidential Election.
Early years
John Hanks was born near Beardstown, and near the Falls at Rough Creek, in Nelson County, Kentucky on February 9, 1802. Four years later his family moved to Hardin County, Kentucky.[3] Hanks married Susan Malinda Wilson in Kentucky in 1826.
Thomas Lincoln family
Hanks lived in Indiana with Thomas Lincoln (1778-1851) for four years from 1822 or 1823. While there, he and Abraham farmed corn and were hired out to split rails. He then traveled to Kentucky for a year or two. In 1828 settled in Macon County, Illinois after having built the first house in Decatur, Illinois. It was he who persuaded Thomas to move to Illinois in 1830.
When Abe Lincoln turned 21 in 1830, his father moved his family back to Indiana, but Lincoln stayed in Illinois with John Hanks to try his hand at anything but more farming.
He worked alongside Abraham at his first job after he left home. Hanks and Abraham together went to New Orleans in 1831, as hired hands on a flatboat owned by Denton Offutt, Lincoln (and his stepbrother John D. Johnston) being hired at Hanks' recommendation.[6][10] Hanks claims that he initiated the first speech for Lincoln, believing that he would deliver a better speech than the candidate running for office. Having heard the speech, the candidate urged Lincoln to continue giving speeches.[11]
Black Hawk war
Hanks served four or six months during the Black Hawk War of 1832, during which time he helped build a fort at Ottawa.
1860 Rail splitter Lincoln Election campaign
It was Hanks who accompanied Richard J. Oglesby to the old Lincoln farm and bring back the split fence rails for Lincoln's famous "rail splitter" campaign at the Republican Party convention at Decatur, Illinois, in 1860.[6] [nb 3]
On May 9, 1860, the opening day of the convention, Oglesby addressed the crowd, announcing that "An old Democrat of Macon county […] desire[s] to make a contribution to the Convention". At this cue, Hanks, and Isaac Jennings, carried two of the fence railings into the Convention hall, which were tagged with a banner that read "Abraham Lincoln, the Rail Candidate for President in 1860. Two rails from a lot of three thousand made in 1830 by John Hanks and Abe Lincoln."
This election stunt had the side-effect of making Hanks into somewhat of a national celebrity. Supporters requested "genuine Lincoln rails" split by Hanks and Lincoln. Oglesby wrote certificates of authenticity of the 72 "genuine" Lincoln rails that were dispatched on Hanks' behalf.[16]
Rumor
The Democrats started a rumour that Hanks was not in fact going to vote for Lincoln come election time. They had come to that conclusion based upon his having voted for Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic presidential hopeful, in 1858. Oglesby transcribed a letter in response for the illiterate Hanks, stating that he would be voting for Lincoln and why. The letter was condemned by Hanks' brother Charles and the Democrats, who were suspicions that the written by someone else, some "smart Republican", on Hanks' behalf. Charles stated that he thought Hanks "even yet does not know what is in it, much less did he ever write it". It was decided that no more open letters by Hanks should be published, and instead Hanks took to making personal appearances in support of Lincoln on the campaign trail.[17]
Political appointment request
After Lincoln's election, Hanks sought a political appointment in the new administration, again through Oglesby as a letter-writing intermediary, preferring to be an Indian agent. However, although (according to Henry Clay Whitney) Lincoln did give the matter serious consideration, he was not appointed to any position by Lincoln, although he did visit the White House several times and attended Lincoln's inauguration.[18]
Civil War
When the United States Civil War broke, Hanks enlisted as a teamster in the Illinois regiment, under Ulysses S. Grant, despite being technically too old to enlist. Hanks was never to see his first cousin, once removed, in the flesh again, their paths only crossing for a final time when Hanks attended Lincoln's funeral.
Marriage & Family
Hanks married Susan Malinda Wilson in Kentucky in 1826. She was born on February 14, 1804 and died on March 11, 1863.[4][5][nb 2] Their children were William, Louis, Jane, Phelix, Emily, Mary Ellen and Levi.
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| William J Janks (1826-) | |||
| James Lewis Hanks (1829-1917) | |||
| Malinda Jane Hanks (1831-1874) | |||
| John Felix Hanks (1833-1856) | |||
| Emily Hanks (1837-1911) | |||
| Alexander Grayson Hanks (1839-1905) | |||
| Levi H Hanks (1841-) | |||
| Mary Ellen Hanks (1843-1933) | |||
Siblings
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Nancy Hanks (1794-1873) | |||
| James Lewis Hanks (1795-1856) | |||
| William Hanks (1896-1846) | |||
| Charles Hanks (1798-1863) | |||
| John Hanks (1802-1889) | 9 February 1802 Beardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky, United States | 1889 Decatur, Macon County, Illinois, United States | Susan Malinda Wilson (1804-1863) |
| Elizabeth Hanks (1805-1885) | |||
| Sarah Hanks (1810-) | |||
| Joseph Hanks (1811-1845) | |||
| Lucinda Hanks (1813-1890) | |||
| Cecelia Hanks (1814-1844) | |||
| Andrew Jackson Hanks (1815-1889) | |||
References
Lincoln family tree
- John Hanks - Wikipedia Biography
- Previously Joseph Hanks, Jr. was identified as John's father.[6]
- Barton says Susan Malinda Wilson Hanks died March 11, 1865; Wilson says she died in 1863 and her gravestone says she died March 11, 1863.[7]
- Oglesby had been looking for a populist symbol to attach to Lincoln for the convention, and had approached Hanks about it. Hanks told Oglesby, in response to being asked what kind of work Lincoln had been good at in his early years, "not much of any kind but dreaming, but he did help me [to] split a lot of rails when we made a clearing twelve miles west of here".[13]