Kherson

Kherson
Kherson; Херсон
	— City of regional significance —
; Flag	; Coat of arms
	; ; [[file:Template:Location map Ukraine Kherson Oblast\|250px\|Kherson is located in Template:Location map Ukraine Kherson Oblast]] <div style="position: absolute; top: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; left: Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> [[File:Template:Location map Ukraine Kherson Oblast\|6x6px\|Kherson\|link=\|alt=]]<div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[".">Kherson Location of Kherson
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	File:Flag of Kherson Oblast.jpg Kherson Oblast
City Raions	Kherson City; Dneprovski rayon; Suvorovski rayon; Komsomolski rayon
Founded	18 June 1778
	Government
• Mayor	Volodymyr Mykolayenko (Independent)
	Area
• Total	135.7 km2 (52.4 sq mi)
Elevation	46.6 m (152.9 ft)
	Population (2015)
• Total	294,941
• Density	2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi)
Postal code	73000
Area code(s)	+380 552
Website	city.kherson.ua

Kherson (Ukrainian: Херсо́н|, Ukrainian pronunciation: [xɛrˈsɔn]) is a city in southern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Kherson Oblast (province), and is designated as a city of oblast significance. Kherson is an important port on the Black Sea and Dnieper River, and the home of a major ship-building industry. Its population was Template:Ua-pop-est2015.

Since the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, Kherson also houses the office of the Presidential representative of Ukraine in Crimea, which is headed by Nataliya Popovych.^[2]

History[]

Until 1774, the region belonged to the Crimean Khanate.

Kherson was founded in 1778 by Grigori Aleksandrovich Potemkin, on the orders of Catherine the Great. The city was built under the supervision of General Ivan Gannibal on the site of a small fortress called Aleksanderschanz. The name Kherson is a contraction of Chersonesos, an ancient Greek colony founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimea. One of the first buildings in the Kherson Fort was the Church of St. Catherine where Potemkin was eventually buried. The last tarpan was caught near Kherson in 1866.

During World War II, Kherson was occupied by the German Army from 21 August 1941 to 13 March 1944.

During the Ukrainian revolution of 2014 the city was the scene of riots against president Yanukovich during which the main Lenin statue of the city was toppled by protesters. After the revolution the city became relatively calm.

Demographics[]

Ethnicity[]

As of Ukrainian National Census (2001), the ethnic groups living within Kherson were:

Ukrainians – 76.6%
Russians – 20.0%
Other – 3.4%

The ethnic groups living within Kherson as of the 1926 Census:

Ukrainians – 36%
Russians – 36%
Jews – 25%
Belorussians – 0.2%
Germans – 0.4%

Languages[]

Languages	1897^[3]	2001^[4]
Ukrainian	19.6%	53.4%
Russian	47.2%	45.3%
Yiddish	29.1%
Polish	1.7%
German	0.7%

Population[]


Year	Population
1790	24,000
1926	58,000
1939	97,000
1959	158,000
1981	361,000
2004	354,000
2007	329,000

Administrative divisions[]

There are three city raions.

Suvorov Raion, central and oldest district of the city, named after the Russian General Suvorov. Includes department's: Tavrіjs'kij, Pіvnіchnij and Mlini.
Dnipro Raion, named after the Dnieper river. Includes departments: HBK, Tekstil'nij, Sklotara, Slobіdka, Vojenka, Skhіdnij.
Korabelnyi Raion. Includes department's: Shumens'kij, Korabel, Zabalka, Sukharne, Zhitloselishche, Selishche — 4, Selishche — 5.

Climate[]

Under the Köppen climate classification, Kherson has a humid continental climate (Dfa).^[5]

Climate data for Kherson
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.2 (59.4)	18.6 (65.5)	22.7 (72.9)	32.0 (89.6)	37.7 (99.9)	39.5 (103.1)	40.5 (104.9)	40.7 (105.3)	33.3 (91.9)	32.0 (89.6)	21.8 (71.2)	16.5 (61.7)	40.7 (105.3)
Average high °C (°F)	1.4 (34.5)	2.3 (36.1)	7.7 (45.9)	15.7 (60.3)	22.3 (72.1)	26.4 (79.5)	29.2 (84.6)	28.9 (84.0)	22.8 (73.0)	15.6 (60.1)	7.7 (45.9)	2.8 (37.0)	15.2 (59.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−1.7 (28.9)	−1.3 (29.7)	3.2 (37.8)	10.1 (50.2)	16.1 (61.0)	20.4 (68.7)	22.9 (73.2)	22.3 (72.1)	16.7 (62.1)	10.4 (50.7)	4.1 (39.4)	−0.2 (31.6)	10.3 (50.5)
Average low °C (°F)	−4.5 (23.9)	−4.5 (23.9)	−0.5 (31.1)	4.9 (40.8)	10.1 (50.2)	14.6 (58.3)	16.8 (62.2)	16.0 (60.8)	11.3 (52.3)	5.9 (42.6)	1.0 (33.8)	−2.8 (27.0)	5.7 (42.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−26.3 (−15.3)	−24.4 (−11.9)	−20.2 (−4.4)	−7.9 (17.8)	−1.5 (29.3)	5.8 (42.4)	9.2 (48.6)	6.6 (43.9)	−5 (23.0)	−7.6 (18.3)	−16.2 (2.8)	−22.2 (−8.0)	−26.3 (−15.3)
Precipitation mm (inches)	29 (1.14)	30 (1.18)	29 (1.14)	32 (1.26)	40 (1.57)	52 (2.05)	44 (1.73)	35 (1.38)	42 (1.65)	32 (1.26)	38 (1.5)	33 (1.3)	436 (17.17)
Avg. rainy days	9	7	9	12	11	11	9	6	9	9	12	10	114
Avg. snowy days	11	10	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.3	4	8	39
% humidity	86	83	78	69	66	66	63	62	69	77	85	87	74
Mean monthly sunshine hours	62.0	84.8	148.8	213.0	269.7	309.0	325.5	319.3	231.0	136.4	84.0	34.1	2,217.6
Mean daily sunshine hours	2.0	3.0	4.8	7.1	8.7	10.3	10.5	10.3	7.7	4.4	2.8	1.1	6.1
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net^[6]
Source #2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 2004–2012)^[7]

Transport[]

Rail[]

Kherson is connected to the national railroad network of Ukraine. There are daily long-distance services to Kiev, Lviv and other cities.

Air[]

Kherson is served by Kherson International Airport providing both passport and customs control. It operates a 2,500 x 42-meter concrete runway, accommodating Boeing 737, Airbus 319/320 aircraft, and helicopters of all series.

The official airport website is http://www.airport.kherson.ua and additional info can be found at http://www.aisukraine.net.

Education[]

There are 77 high schools as well as 5 colleges. There are 15 institutions of higher education.

Kherson State University of Agriculture
Kherson State University
Kherson National Technical University
International University of Business and Law

Main sights[]

The Church of St. Catherine – was built in the 1780s, supposedly to Ivan Starov's designs, and contains the tomb of Prince Potemkin.
Jewish cemetery – Kershon has a large Jewish community which was established in the mid-nineteenth century.^[8] From 1959 until 1990 there was no synagogue in Kherson. Since then, both Jewish life and Kherson have really grown and developed in an atmosphere of peace.^[9] Nevertheless, the Jewish cemetery has regularly suffered from acts of vandalism. The graves have been repeatedly covered with trash and the tombstones destroyed and desecrated. On 6 April 2012, an act of vandalism, at the Jewish cemetery, occurred on the most important festival in the Jewish calendar, the festival of Passover. The fire, which was set, immediately spread over an area of about 700 square meters and caused severe damage to the graves and tombstones.^[10]
Kherson TV Tower – a famous construction located in the city.
Adziogol Lighthouse – a hyperboloid structure designed by V.G.Shukhov, 1911

Notable people[]

Georgy Arbatov (1923–2010), political scientist.^[11]
Maximilian Bern, writer and editor
Sergei Bondarchuk, Soviet, Ukrainian-born film director, screenwriter, and actor.
Lev Davidovitch Bronstein, better known as Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist was born in Kherson in 1879.
Ivan Abramovich Gannibal (1735–1801), founder of the city
Yefim Golïshev (1897–1970), painter and composer associated with the Dada movement in Berlin.
Nikolai Grinko, Ukrainian Soviet-era film actor
John Howard (died in Kherson in 1790)
Mircea Ionescu-Quintus, Romanian politician, writer, and jurist
Pavlo Ishchenko (born 1992), Ukrainian-Israeli boxer
Oleksandr Karavayev, Ukrainian football player
Evgeny Kucherevsky, Ukrainian football coach of Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk (died 2006)
Larisa Latynina, Soviet gymnast who was the first female athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals
Tatiana Lysenko, Soviet and Ukrainian gymnast who won the gold medal on the balance beam at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.
Samuel Moiseyevich Maykapar (1867-1938), pianist
Sergei Polunin, Ukrainian ballet dancer
Prince Grigory Potemkin (1739–1791), founder of the city
Salomon Rosenblum, later known as Lieutenant Sidney Reilly, a secret agent and international adventurer and playboy who was at one time employed by the British Secret Intelligence Service. He is reputed to be the inspiration for Ian Fleming's spy character, James Bond.
Moshe Sharett, the 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (1953–1955)
Sergei Stanishev, 49th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2005–2009)
Prince Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), founder of the city
David Tyshler (1927–2014), Ukrainian/Soviet Olympic bronze medalist fencer
Mikhail Yemtsev, science fiction writer