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Marengo County, Alabama
Marengo Alabama Courthouse
Marengo County Courthouse in Linden
Map of Alabama highlighting Marengo County
Location in the state of Alabama
Map of the U.S
Alabama's location in the U.S.
Founded February 6, 1818
Named for Battle of Marengo[1]
Seat Linden
Largest city Demopolis
Area
 - Total
 - Land
 - Water

983 sq mi (2,546 km²)
977 sq mi (2,530 km²)
5.8 sq mi (15 km²), 0.6
Population
 - (2020)
 - Density

19,323
Congressional district 7th
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5
Website http://marengocountyal.com/
Footnotes: *County Number 48 on Alabama Licence Plates

Marengo County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,323.[2] The largest city is Demopolis, and the county seat is Linden.[1] It is named in honor of the Battle of Marengo near Turin, Italy, where French leader Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Austrians on June 14, 1800.

History[]

Marengo County was created by the Alabama Territorial legislature on February 6, 1818, from land acquired from the Choctaw by the Treaty of Fort St. Stephens on October 24, 1816.[3] Like the other four of the "Five Civilized Tribes", over the course of the following twenty years the Choctaw were largely forced west of the Mississippi River and into what is now Oklahoma during the period of Indian Removal conducted by the federal government.

The county was named to commemorate Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Marengo over Austrian armies on June 14, 1800.[1] This name was chosen in honor of the first European settlers, Bonapartists exiled from France after Napoleon's downfall. In 1817 a number of French settled the area around Demopolis. They were trying to develop a Vine and Olive Colony.[3][4] Other ethnic French who settled here were refugees from the colony of Saint-Domingue, where enslaved Africans and "free people of color" had routed Napoleon's troops and white colonists, and declared independence in 1804. They established the territory as Haiti, the second republic in the western hemisphere.

The county seat was originally known as the Town of Marengo, but in 1823 the name was changed to Linden.[1] Linden is a shortened version of Hohenlinden, scene of the Battle of Hohenlinden, a French victory in Bavaria on December 3, 1800, during Napoleon's campaign.[1]

Barney Upper Place

Barney's Upper Place, an I-house in Putnam that was built in 1833.

Situated in Alabama's Black Belt and having a naturally rich soil, the county was developed by planters for numerous cotton plantations, dependent on the forced labor of large gangs of enslaved African Americans.[3] The enslaved comprised the majority of the county population decades before the American Civil War. In 1860 the population consisted of 24,409 slaves, 6761 free whites (including 944 slave owners), and one "free person of color," for a total combined population of 31,171.[5] At this time there were 778 plantations and farms in the county.[5]

The fourth-oldest Jewish congregation in Alabama, B'nai Jeshurun, was established in Demopolis in 1858 by immigrants and migrants from other Southern cities.[6]

After the Civil War, the economy continued to be based on agriculture. In the transition to free labor, many freedmen turned to sharecropping or tenant farming as a way to establish some independence. They did not want to work in white-controlled field gangs.[3]

The county population began to diminish rapidly during and after World War II. People left the farms for manufacturing jobs elsewhere, particularly with the wartime buildup of the defense industry on the West Coast.[3] The movement of African Americans out of Alabama and other parts of the South was considered part of the Great Migration, by which 5 million left the region from 1940 to 1970. In addition to seeking jobs, they sought better conditions than the disfranchisement and Jim Crow oppression they faced in Alabama and other states of the South.

Most of the former cotton fields were gradually converted to pastures for cattle and horses, developed into tree plantations for timber and paper production, or transformed into commercial ponds for farming grain-fed catfish.[3] Beginning in the 1960s, industry began to move into the area. The work force was employed in paper mills, lumber mills, and chemical plants.[3]

County courthouse fires occurred in 1848 and 1965. Each time most of the court records were saved, as they were in a protected vault.[1]

Geography[]

Gaineswood in October 2011 01

Gaineswood (built 1843–61), a National Historic Landmark in Demopolis.

Boddie Law Office 01

Boddie Law Office-Town Hall (built 1858) in Dayton. On the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.

Marengo County is situated in the west-central area of the state.[1] According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 983 square miles (2,550 km2), of which 977 square miles (2,530 km2) is land and 5.8 square miles (15 km2) (0.6%) is water.[7] The entire western county border is formed by the Tombigbee River and a small northwestern portion is formed by the Black Warrior River.

Major highways[]

  • US 43 U.S. Highway 43
  • US 80 U.S. Highway 80
  • Alabama 5 State Route 5
  • Alabama 10 State Route 10
  • Alabama 25 State Route 25
  • Alabama 28 State Route 28
  • Alabama 69 State Route 69

Adjacent counties[]

Demographics[]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1820 2,933
1830 7,700 162.5%
1840 17,264 124.2%
1850 27,831 61.2%
1860 31,171 12.0%
1870 26,151 −16.1%
1880 30,890 18.1%
1890 33,095 7.1%
1900 38,315 15.8%
1910 39,923 4.2%
1920 36,065 −9.7%
1930 36,426 1.0%
1940 35,736 −1.9%
1950 29,494 −17.5%
1960 27,098 −8.1%
1970 23,819 −12.1%
1980 25,047 5.2%
1990 23,084 −7.8%
2000 22,539 −2.4%
2010 21,027 −6.7%
Est. 2021 18,996 [8] −15.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[9]
1790–1960[10] 1900–1990[11]
1990–2000[12] 2010–2020[2]

2020 census[]

Marengo County Racial Composition[13]
Race Num. Perc.
White 8,375 43.34%
Black or African American 10,133 52.44%
Native American 6 0.03%
Asian 54 0.28%
Pacific Islander 1 0.01%
Other/Mixed 386 2.0%
Hispanic or Latino 368 1.9%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 19,323 people, 7,361 households, and 3,833 families residing in the county.

2010 census[]

As of the 2010 census, there were 21,027 people living in the county. 51.7% were Black or African American, 46.4% White, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% of some other race and 0.8% of two or more races. 1.7% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census[]

In 2000 there were 22,539 people, 8,767 households, and 6,277 families living in the county. The population density was 23 people per square mile (9/km2). There were 10,127 housing units at an average density of 10 per square mile (4/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 51.71% Black or African American, 47.28% White, 0.08% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.25% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. 0.97% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 8,767 households, out of which 34.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.40% were married couples living together, 19.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.40% were non-families. 26.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.50% under the age of 18, 8.00% from 18 to 24, 26.00% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,025, and the median income for a family was $35,475. Males had a median income of $36,053 versus $19,571 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,308. About 22.20% of families and 25.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.70% of those under age 18 and 25.30% of those age 65 or over.

According to the New York Times, by 2017, the rural Black Belt (called that for its soil) that stretches across the middle of the state is home to largely poor counties that are predominantly African-American. These counties include Dallas, Lowndes, Marengo and Perry."[14]


Education[]

For the 2014-15 school year, the Marengo County School District is operating three K–12 schools, one each in Dixons Mills, Sweet Water. and Thomaston.[15] One former county school in the Demopolis area was closed by the school board following the 2013-14 school year. Demopolis and Linden have city-run school systems, the Demopolis City School District and Linden City Schools.[16]

Culture[]

Events[]

  • Candlelight Evening at Gaineswood, part of Christmas in the Canebrake, in Demopolis[17]
  • Christmas on the River in Demopolis[17]
  • Faunsdale Biker Rally in Faunsdale[18]
  • Alabama Crawfish Festival in Faunsdale[19]
  • Harvest Festival in Demopolis[17]
  • Historic Demopolis Spring Pilgrimage in Demopolis[17]
  • Pepper Jelly Festival in Thomaston[20]
  • Southern Literary Trail in Demopolis[17]

Places of interest[]

Marengo County is home to the Alabama Rural Heritage Center and Chickasaw State Park. The Tombigbee River and Black Warrior River form portions of the western and northern county borders and provide recreational opportunities. Marengo County has 28 sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places, one of which is also a National Historic Landmark.[21] Additionally, 19 sites are listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.[22]

Government[]

Like the rest of the Black Belt, Marengo County leans Democratic. However, it often produces narrow margins for winning candidates; no presidential candidate has won more than 54% of the vote in Marengo since Richard Nixon in 1972. In 2020, Donald Trump lost the county by only 105 votes.

United States presidential election results for Marengo County, Alabama[23]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 5,343 49.02% 5,488 50.35% 69 0.63%
2016 5,233 47.60% 5,615 51.07% 146 1.33%
2012 5,336 46.23% 6,167 53.43% 40 0.35%
2008 5,516 48.09% 5,926 51.66% 29 0.25%
2004 5,255 50.91% 5,037 48.80% 30 0.29%
2000 4,690 48.81% 4,841 50.39% 77 0.80%
1996 4,013 43.18% 4,899 52.71% 382 4.11%
1992 4,470 39.75% 5,632 50.09% 1,142 10.16%
1988 4,241 48.61% 4,402 50.45% 82 0.94%
1984 5,261 51.51% 4,811 47.11% 141 1.38%
1980 4,048 41.90% 5,178 53.60% 434 4.49%
1976 3,841 43.87% 4,731 54.04% 183 2.09%
1972 5,156 65.05% 2,645 33.37% 125 1.58%
1968 457 4.99% 3,479 38.01% 5,218 57.00%
1964 3,677 82.33% 0 0.00% 789 17.67%
1960 1,235 44.25% 1,436 51.45% 120 4.30%
1956 1,009 33.06% 1,858 60.88% 185 6.06%
1952 1,362 43.21% 1,790 56.79% 0 0.00%
1948 67 3.45% 0 0.00% 1,876 96.55%
1944 89 4.83% 1,746 94.69% 9 0.49%
1940 70 2.97% 2,284 96.94% 2 0.08%
1936 33 1.42% 2,287 98.54% 1 0.04%
1932 50 2.28% 2,097 95.45% 50 2.28%
1928 752 28.38% 1,898 71.62% 0 0.00%
1924 17 1.35% 1,243 98.42% 3 0.24%
1920 42 2.97% 1,370 97.03% 0 0.00%
1916 19 1.26% 1,491 98.61% 2 0.13%
1912 9 0.64% 1,386 97.88% 21 1.48%
1908 78 5.45% 1,333 93.15% 20 1.40%
1904 56 4.61% 1,149 94.65% 9 0.74%
1900 234 9.17% 2,306 90.40% 11 0.43%
1896 764 19.24% 3,168 79.80% 38 0.96%
1892 233 4.41% 2,847 53.94% 2,198 41.64%
1888 1,933 36.07% 3,426 63.93% 0 0.00%



Communities[]

Jefferson Historic District 02

Jefferson Methodist Church (built 1856) in Jefferson. On the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Jefferson Historic District.

Lyon Hall in 2011

Lyon Hall (built 1853) in Demopolis. On the National Register of Historic Places.

Cities[]

  • Demopolis
  • Linden (county seat)

Towns[]

  • Dayton
  • Faunsdale
  • Myrtlewood
  • Providence
  • Sweet Water
  • Thomaston

Census-designated places[]

  • Nanafalia
  • Putnam

Unincorporated communities[]

  • Aimwell
  • Alfalfa
  • Beaver Creek
  • Clayhill
  • Consul
  • Coxheath
  • Dixons Mills
  • Exmoor
  • Half Acre
  • Half Chance
  • Hampden
  • Hoboken
  • Hugo
  • Jefferson
  • Lasca
  • McKinley
  • Magnolia
  • Marengo
  • Moores Valley
  • Moscow
  • Nicholsville
  • Octagon
  • Old Spring Hill
  • Pin Hook
  • Pope
  • Rembert
  • Salt Well
  • Shiloh
  • Siddonsville
  • Surginer
  • Vangale
  • Vineland
  • Wayne

Ghost town[]

  • Aigleville

See also[]

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Marengo County, Alabama
  • Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in Marengo County, Alabama

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Alabama Counties: Marengo County". Alabama Department of Archives and History. http://www.archives.state.al.us/counties/marengo.html. 
  2. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/marengocountyalabama/PST045221. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Marengo County Heritage Book Committee. The Heritage of Marengo County, Alabama, pages 1-4. Clanton, Alabama: Heritage Publishing Consultants, 2000. ISBN 1-891647-58-X
  4. ^ Smith, Winston. Days of Exile: The Story of the Vine and Olive Colony in Alabama, page 9. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: W. B. Drake and Son, 1967.
  5. ^ a b "Census Data for the Year 1860". Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/censusbin/census/cen.pl?year=860. 
  6. ^ "Alabama". Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Goldring / Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life. http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/main_al.htm. Retrieved October 5, 2010. 
  7. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_01.txt. 
  8. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021". https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html. 
  9. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html. 
  10. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu. 
  11. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/al190090.txt. 
  12. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf. 
  13. ^ "Explore Census Data". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US01091&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2. 
  14. ^ Martin, Jonathan; Blinder, Alan (December 12, 2017). "Alabama Senate Race Between Roy Moore and Doug Jones Ends With More Controversy". 
  15. ^ "Schools". Marengo County Schools. School In Sites. http://www.marengo.k12.al.us/?PN=Schools2. 
  16. ^ "Marengo County". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University. http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1199. Retrieved 2 October 2010. 
  17. ^ a b c d e "Demopolis". Alabama Tourism Department - Official Web Site. http://www.800alabama.com/areas-to-visit/river-heritage/city.cfm?cityid=60. 
  18. ^ "Faunsdale Biker Rally - Alabama's wildest biker event". Bama Rides. April 26, 2008. http://articles.bamarides.com/2008/04/faunsdale-biker-rally-alabama-wildest.html. 
  19. ^ "Annual Faunsdale Crawfish Festival". Alabama Tourism Department - Official Web Site. http://www.800alabama.com/things-to-do/events/details.cfm?id=9513. 
  20. ^ "Rural Heritage Day & Pepper Jelly Festival, 2nd". Alabama Tourism Department - Official Web Site. http://www.800alabama.com/things-to-do/events/details.cfm?ID=7457. 
  21. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
  22. ^ Template:ARLHref
  23. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/. 

Template:NRHP in Marengo County, Alabama

Coordinates: 32°14′31″N 87°47′22″W / 32.24194, -87.78944


This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Marengo County, Alabama. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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