Mary I of England (1516-1558)

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Mary I of England
Birth:	8 February 1516 Greenwich, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
Baptism:	10 February 1516
Death:	17 November 1558 London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
Remains:	14 December 1558 Westminster Abbey, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
Father:	Henry VIII of England (1491-1547)
Mother:	Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536)
Titles:	Queen regnant of England
Spouse / partner:	Philip II, King of Spain (1527-1598)
Wedding:	25 July 1554 Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom
Sex:
Familysearch afn:	9FGW-SH
Signature:
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• AKA: "Bloody Mary"
• 1553-1558: Queen of England
• 1553-1558: Queen of Ireland
• 1556-1558: Queen consort of Spain

Mary I Tudor, Queen regnant of England, was born 8 February 1516 Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, Greater London, England, United Kingdom to Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536) and died 17 November 1558 Saint James's Palace London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom of unspecified causes. She married Philip II of Spain (1527-1598) 25 July 1554 ^JL in Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom.

Biography

Mary I of England, also known as Mary Tudor, was the queen of England and Ireland from 1553 until her death in 1558. She was the daughter of King Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and was born on February 18, 1516.

Mary was brought up in the Catholic faith, and during her reign, she worked to restore Catholicism to England after her father had broken away from the Catholic Church to establish the Church of England. She was determined to return England to the Catholic Church and to stamp out Protestantism.

Mary's reign was marked by a number of notable events, including her marriage to King Philip II of Spain in 1554, which was deeply unpopular with the English people. She also oversaw the execution of nearly 300 Protestants who refused to renounce their faith and return to Catholicism, earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary."

Despite her efforts to restore Catholicism to England, Mary's reign was short-lived, and her policies were largely unpopular. She died on November 17, 1558, at the age of 42, and was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603).

Mary's reign has been the subject of much debate and controversy, with some historians praising her for her religious conviction and others condemning her for her harsh treatment of Protestants. Regardless of one's opinion of her reign, Mary remains an important figure in English history, and her legacy continues to be debated and discussed to this day.

Siblings

Offspring of Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
Stillborn Daughter Tudor (1510-1510)
Henry Tudor (1511-1511)
Stillborn Son Tudor (1513-1513)
Henry Tudor (1514-1514)
Mary I of England (1516-1558)	8 February 1516 Greenwich, Greater London, England, United Kingdom	17 November 1558 London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom	Philip II of Spain (1527-1598)
Stillborn Daughter Tudor (1518-1518)

Offspring of Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Elizabeth Blount (c1502-bef1541)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond (1519-1536)	15 June 1519 Blackmore, Essex, England, United Kingdom	23 July 1536 Thetford, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom

Offspring of Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Mary Boleyn (1503-1543)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
Catherine Carey (1524-1569)	June 1524	15 January 1569	Francis Knollys (c1511-1596)
Henry Carey, Baron Hunsdon (1526-1596)	4 March 1526 Hengrave, Suffolk, England, United Kingdom	23 July 1596 Somerset House, Strand, Greater London, England, United Kingdom	Anne Morgan (1529-1606)

Offspring of Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Anne Boleyn (c1505-1536)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603)	7 September 1533 Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, England, United Kingdom	24 March 1603 Richmond Palace, Surrey, England, United Kingdom

Offspring of Henry VIII of England (1491-1547) and Jane Seymour (c1509-1537)
Name	Birth	Death	Joined with
Edward VI of England (1537-1553)	12 October 1537 Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom	6 July 1553 Greenwich Palace, Kent, England, United Kingdom

See Also

Bibliography

• "Calendar of State Papers, Spain". https://www.british-history.ac.uk/search/series/cal-state-papers--spain. 
• Duffy, Eamon (2009). Fires of Faith: Catholic England Under Mary Tudor. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15216-6. OCLC 276274639. 
• Haigh, Christopher (1992). English Reformations: religion, politics and society under the Tudors. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-198-22163-0. OCLC 26720329. 
• Hoyle, R. W. (2001). The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925906-2. 
• Loades, David M. (1989). Mary Tudor: A Life. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-15453-1. 
• Paget, Gerald (1977). The Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales. Edinburgh & London: Charles Skilton. ISBN 0-284-98590-2. OCLC 79311835. 
• Porter, Linda (2007). Mary Tudor: The First Queen. London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-7499-0982-6. OCLC 230990057. 
• "Chapter Five: Table of regnal year of English Sovereigns". Sweet & Maxwell's Guide to Law Reports and Statutes (4th ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell's Guide. 1962. https://guides.library.harvard.edu/ld.php?content_id=12548485. 
• Tittler, Robert (1991). The Reign of Mary I (2nd ed.). London & New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-06107-5. 
• Waller, Maureen (2006). Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-33801-5. 
• Weikel, Ann (2004; online edition 2008). "Mary I (1516–1558)" in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription or UK public library membership required). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18245.
• Weir, Alison (1996). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. London: Pimlico. ISBN 0-7126-7448-9. 
• Whitelock, Anna (2009). Mary Tudor: England's First Queen. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-0-7475-9018-7. 

External Links

• wikipedia:en:Mary I of England
• Mary I Tudor, Queen of England at thePeerage
• Mary I, Queen of England 1553-1558 at Genealogics
• Mary I of England - Geni.com
• Mary I of England at Find A Grave
• English Kings 1066-1603 - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
• The Beaufort Family
• "Gotha" table of descendants
• Mary I at the official website of the British monarchy
•  "Mary I (1516-1558)". Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900​. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 
•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Mary I., Queen". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
• "Mary I (1516–1558)". BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml. 

Ancestry Trees

• Charlemagne Family Ancestry
• Rurik Family Ancestry
• Rollo Family Ancestry
• Alfred the Great Family Ancestry
• House of Normandy
• Plantagenet Family Line
• Capetian dynasty
• House of Lancaster

Contemporary References

There are several contemporary references that provide insight into the life of Mary I of England. These include:

1. The Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary, written by John White in 1554-1556, which provides a firsthand account of the political and religious events of Mary's reign.
2. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, commonly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, which documents the persecution of Protestants under Mary's reign.
3. The letters and dispatches of Eustace Chapuys, the imperial ambassador to England during Mary's reign, which offer a unique perspective on Mary's marriage to Philip II of Spain and other key events.
4. The State Papers, which contain official government documents and correspondence from Mary's reign, including letters to and from Mary herself.
5. The writings of Mary's contemporaries, such as John Knox and William Cecil, who were involved in the religious and political conflicts of the time and provide their own perspectives on Mary's reign.

Citation: Life of Noble Queen

Here is a lengthy citation from the contemporary source, The Life of the Most Virtuous and Noble Queen, Mary Tudor, Daughter of Henry VIII by Nicholas Harpsfield, written in the mid-sixteenth century (original Latin). This passage provides a detailed account of Mary's birth, including the difficult circumstances surrounding her delivery and the disappointment that followed the death of her older sister. It also praises the virtues of Mary's mother, Catherine of Aragon, and suggests that these virtues played a role in the difficult birth.

"Post hanc (Catharinam) regina novo foetu gravidissima quinto, quam a principe Henrico filiam genuit, de qua tunc omnes magnas spes conceperant, ut et ipsa et regni unitas pacifice tenerentur, cum subita infantis morte spes illae collapsae sint. Infans autem post paucos dies, 12 mensis Februarii, hora quarta pomeridiana, tam misere est extractus in lucem, ut ab iis, qui in ipsa hora praesto aderant, non nisi morte concepi putaretur. Magna autem ex parte hoc accidisse credo, quod hanc tantopere gravaverat eximia, ac velut merito celebranda regina, matronarum virtus, integritas, et prudentia, quae ipsamque et foetum ad alenda, nutrita, et fovenda peperit."

Translation: "After Catherine, the queen, became pregnant for the fifth time, whom she bore a daughter from Prince Henry, from whom everyone had great hopes, so that both she and the unity of the kingdom would be peacefully maintained, those hopes collapsed with the sudden death of the infant. However, the child was born a few days later, on February 12, in the fourth hour of the afternoon, so miserably that those who were present at that time thought it had only been conceived through death. I believe that this happened largely because the remarkable, and deservedly celebrated queen, had been so heavily burdened by the virtues, integrity, and prudence of women, which had given birth to her and her child to be nourished and cherished."

Royal Succession Tables

Mary I of England (1516-1558) Tudor dynasty Born: 18 February 1516 Died: 17 November 1558
Regnal titles
Preceded by Edward VI or Jane	Queen of England and Ireland 1553–1558 with Philip (1554–1558)	Succeeded by Elizabeth I
Royal titles
Vacant Title last held by Isabella of Portugal	Queen consort of Naples Duchess consort of Milan 1554–1558	Vacant Title next held by Elisabeth of France
	Queen consort of Spain, Sardinia and Sicily Duchess consort of Burgundy 1556–1558

Footnotes (including sources)

Pmalish, Thurstan, Rtol, Phlox, Afil, MainTour