Mihai Racoviță was born on an unknown date to Ion Racoviță (c1630-1688) and Anastasia Cantacuzino (c1640-1668) .
Mihai or Mihail Racoviță (died July 1744) was a Prince of Moldavia on three separate occasions (September 1703 – February 23, 1705; July 31, 1707 – October 28, 1709; January 5, 1716 – October 1726) and Prince of Wallachia on two occasions (between October 1730 and October 2, 1731, and from September 1741 until his death). His rules overlapped with the accession of Phanariotes in the Danubian Principalities – he is considered himself a Phanariote for the duration of his last rule in Moldavia and his rules over Wallachia.
Biography
First rules
A local boyar of the Racoviță House (and the father of Constantin Racoviță), closely related to the Cantacuzino family and the son-in-law of Constantin Cantemir, Mihai Racoviță was appointed ruler of Moldavia by Ahmed III, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, but had to continue fighting off other candidates for the throne, as well as their boyar supporters. To counter these, the Prince relied on Greek supporters: notably, his allies were the first members of the Rosetti family.
These conflicts brought an increase in taxation, as well as new fiscal demands. He was replaced by Antioh Cantemir, who, by contrast, was seen as an exceptional ruler. Again on the throne, Racoviță was deposed on orders from the Sultan, and recalled to Istanbul on pressures from Russia's Peter the Great; he was replaced by Nicholas Mavrocordatos.
He was returned to rule in Iași upon the outbreak of the Austro-Turkish War, given his image as an enemy of the Habsburg Monarchy. When the Habsburg troops entered Moldavia, Racoviță suffered heavy losses, and called on help from the Nogai Tatars in Yedisan. Subsequently, he was able to defeat the infiltrating forces, and had the Habsburg commander executed together with those boyars who had risen against him.
Transylvanian campaign and late rules
He was ordered by the Ottomans to pass into Transylvania with Crimean Tatar assistance, where he was to help Francis II Rákóczi in his anti-Habsburg rebellion; his campaign met fierce Habsburg resistance in Bistrița, and his retreat was marked by another Habsburg invasion, as well as by the wide-scale plunder of boyar estates by the Nogais (allowed by Racoviță as payment for their participation in combat). After the incident, he was ousted from the Moldavian throne after his rival Mavrocordatos appealed to the Sultan, was jailed and replaced with Grigore II Ghica.
His ascension to the throne in Bucharest came in the context of Patrona Halil's Ottoman rebellion, which had toppled Ahmed III and brought Mahmud I as Sultan; Halil's downfall in the following year almost brought about Racoviță's, but he successfully furnished the Porte with income provided by raised taxes. He died in Constantinople.
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Constantin Racoviță (1699-1764) | |||
| Mihăiță Racoviță (1701-1770) | |||
| Roxanda Racoviță (c1703-c1785) | |||
| Ion Racoviță (1707-1786) | |||
| Ștefan Racoviță (c1713-1782) | |||
| Ecaterina Racoviță (c1715-c1789) | |||
| Anastasia Racoviță (c1716-c1756) | |||
Siblings
Residences
Footnotes (including sources)
| Preceded by Chancellor Ioan Buhuș |
Prince/Voivode of Moldavia 1703–1705 |
Succeeded by Antioh Cantemir |
| Preceded by Antioh Cantemir |
Prince/Voivode of Moldavia 1707–1709 |
Succeeded by Chancellor Ioan Buhuș |
| Preceded by Nicolae Mavrocordat |
Prince/Voivode of Moldavia 1716–1726 |
Succeeded by Grigore II Ghica |
| Preceded by Constantin Mavrocordat |
Prince/Voivode of Wallachia 1730–1731 |
Succeeded by Constantin Mavrocordat |
| Preceded by Constantin Mavrocordat |
Prince/Voivode of Wallachia 1741–1744 |
Succeeded by Constantin Mavrocordat |
Notes
References
- Ion Neculce, Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei, Chapters XV-XVIII, XXI
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Racovita, Mihai |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Prince of Wallachia |
| DATE OF BIRTH | |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1744 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
Warning: Default sort key "Racovita, Mihai" overrides earlier default sort key "Racoviță, Mihai".