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Newark, New Jersey
—  City  —
City of Newark
Rutgers Newark campus 003
Campus of Rutgers-Newark and Downtown (Prudential Building in center background)
Flag of Newark, New Jersey
Flag
Newark NJ Seal Colorized
Seal
Nickname(s): "The Brick City", "The Gateway City"
Newark nj 013
Map of Newark in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Newark, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Newark, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°43′27″N 74°10′21″W / 40.72422, -74.172574Coordinates: 40°43′27″N 74°10′21″W / 40.72422, -74.172574[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Essex
Incorporated October 31, 1693 (as township)
Reincorporated April 11, 1836 (as city)
Government[3]
 • Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • Mayor Ras Baraka (D, term ends December 31, 2022)[4]
 • Administrator Julian X. Neals[5]
 • Clerk Robert Marasco[6]
Area[2]
 • Total 26.107 sq mi (67.617 km2)
 • Land 24.187 sq mi (62.644 km2)
 • Water 1.920 sq mi (4.973 km2)  7.35%
Area rank 103rd of 566 in state
1st of 22 in county[2]
Elevation[7] 13 ft (4 m)
Population (2010 Census)[8][9][10][11]
 • Total 277,140
 • Estimate (2012[12]) 277,727
 • Rank 67th in country[13]
1st of 566 in state
1st of 22 in county[14]
 • Density 11,458.3/sq mi (4,424.1/km2)
 • Density rank 23rd of 566 in state
4th of 22 in county[14]
Demonym Newarker[15]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 07101-07108, 07112, 07114[16][17]
Area code(s) 862/973
FIPS code 3401351000[18][2][19]
GNIS feature ID 0885317[20][2]
Website http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/

Newark ( /ˈnj.ərk/[21] or also locally /njʊərk/[22]) is the largest city (by population) in the U.S. state of New Jersey, and the county seat of Essex County.[23][24] One of the nation's major air, shipping, and rail hubs, the city had a population of 277,140 in 2010, making it the nation's 67th most-populous municipality, after being ranked 63rd in the nation in 2010.[13]

Located in the heart of New Jersey's Gateway Region, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, approximately 8 miles (13 km) west of Manhattan. Port Newark, the major container shipping terminal in the Port of New York and New Jersey, is the largest on the East Coast. Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal commercial airport in the United States and today one of its busiest.[25][26][27]

Newark is headquarters to numerous corporations, such as Prudential Financial and PSEG. It is also home to several universities, including Rutgers–Newark, the New Jersey Institute of Technology, and Seton Hall University's Law School. Among others, its cultural and sports venues include: the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, the Prudential Center, and the Bears & Eagles Riverfront Baseball Stadium.

Newark is divided into five geographical wards, and contains neighborhoods ranging in character from bustling urban districts to quiet suburban enclaves. Newark's Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees, which number about 4,300.[28][29][30]

History[]

Newark was originally founded in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. The city saw tremendous industrial and population growth during the 19th century and early 20th century, and experienced racial tension and urban decline in the second half of the 20th century, culminated by the 1967 Newark riots. The city has experienced revitalization during the 1990s and early 21st century.[31]

Newark was originally formed as a township on October 31, 1693, based on the Newark Tract, which was first purchased on July 11, 1667. Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27, 1713, and was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships. During its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township (April 14, 1794), Caldwell Township (February 16, 1798; now known as Fairfield Township), Orange Township (November 27, 1806), Bloomfield Township (March 23, 1812) and Clinton Township (April 14, 1834, remainder reabsorbed by Newark on March 5, 1902). Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11, 1836, replacing Newark Township, based on the results of a referendum passed on March 18, 1836. The previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1, 1905. In 1926, South Orange Township, changed its name to Maplewood. As a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newark's Vailsburg.[32]

Geography and climate[]

Geography[]

Newark-Area-Map

Map of the Newark metropolitan area, including adjacent suburbs

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 26.107 square miles (67.617 km2), of which, 24.187 square miles (62.644 km2) of it is land and 1.920 square miles (4.973 km2) of it (7.35%) is water.[1][2] It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U.S., behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, Florida.[33] The city's altitude ranges from 0 (sea level) in the east to approximately 230 feet (70 m) above sea level in the western section of the city.[34] Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, with a few valleys formed by meandering streams. Historically, Newark's high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the wealthy congregated on the ridges of Forest Hill, High Street, and Weequahic.[35]

Until the 20th century, the marshes on Newark Bay were difficult to develop, as the marshes were essentially wilderness, with a few dumps, warehouses, and cemeteries on their edges. During the 20th century, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was able to reclaim 68 acres (28 ha) of the marshland for the further expansion of Newark Airport, as well as the growth of the port lands.[27]

Newark is surrounded by residential suburbs to the west (on the slope of the Watchung Mountains), the Passaic River and Newark Bay to the east, dense urban areas to the south and southwest, and middle-class residential suburbs and industrial areas to the north. The city is the largest in New Jersey's Gateway Region, which is said to have received its name from Newark's nickname as the "Gateway City".[36]

Neighborhoods[]

Newark-broad-street

Market and Broad Streets, Downtown Newark

Newark is New Jersey's largest and second-most racially diverse city (after neighboring Jersey City). It is divided into five political wards,[37] which are often used by residents to identify their place of habitation. In recent years, residents have begun to identify with specific neighborhood names instead of the larger ward appellations. Nevertheless, the wards remain relatively distinct. Industrial uses, coupled with the airport and seaport lands, are concentrated in the East and South Wards, while residential neighborhoods exist primarily in the North, Central, and West Wards.[38]

State law requires that wards be compact and contiguous and that the largest ward may not exceed the population of the smallest by more than 10% of the average ward size. Ward boundaries are redrawn, as needed, by a board of ward commissioners consisting of two Democrats and two Republicans appointed at the county level and the municipal clerk.[39] Redrawing of ward lines in previous decades have shifted traditional boundaries, so that downtown currently occupies portions of the East and Central Wards. The boundaries of the wards are altered for various political and demographic reasons and sometimes gerrymandered, especially the northeastern portion of the West Ward.[40][41][42]

Krueger Scott Mansion

Krueger Mansion in Newark's Central Ward

Newark's Central Ward, formerly known as the old Third Ward, contains much of the city's original history including the Lincoln Park, Military Park and the James Street Commons Historic Districts. The Ward contains the University Heights, The Coast/Lincoln Park, Government Center, Springfield/Belmont and Seventh Avenue Neighborhoods. Of these neighborhood designations only University Heights, a more recent designation for the area that was the subject of the 1968 novel Howard Street by Nathan Heard, is still in common usage. The Central Ward extends at one point as far north as 2nd Avenue.

In the 19th century, the Central Ward was inhabited by Germans and other white Catholic and Christian groups. The German inhabitants were later replaced by Jews, who were then replaced by Blacks. The increased academic footprint in the University Heights neighborhood has produced gentrification, with landmark buildings undergoing renovation. Located in the Central Ward is the largest health sciences university in the nation, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School. It is also home to three other universities – New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Rutgers University - Newark, and Essex County College. The Central Ward forms the present-day heart of Newark, and includes 26 public schools, two police precincts, including headquarters, four firehouses, and one branch library.[43]

Newark Forest Hill house

Home in Forest Hill

The North Ward is surrounded by Branch Brook Park. Its neighborhoods include Broadway, Mount Pleasant, Upper Roseville and the affluent Forest Hill section.[44] Forest Hill contains the Forest Hill Historic District, which is registered on state and national historic registers, and contains many older mansions and colonial homes. A row of residential towers with security guards and secure parking line Mt. Prospect Avenue in the Forest Hill neighborhood. The North Ward has lost geographic area in recent times; its southern boundary is now significantly further north than the traditional boundary near Interstate 280. The North Ward historically had a large Italian population; demographics have transitioned to Latino in recent decades, though the ward as a whole remains ethnically diverse.[44]

The West Ward comprises the neighborhoods of Vailsburg, Ivy Hill, West Side, Fairmount and Lower Roseville. It is home to the historic Fairmount Cemetery. The West Ward, once a predominately Irish-American, Polish, and Ukrainian neighborhood, is now home to neighborhoods composed primarily of Latinos, African Americans, Africans and Caribbean Americans.[45] The West Ward has struggled in recent years with elevated rates of crime, particularly violent crime.[46]

The South Ward comprises the Weequahic, Clinton Hill, Dayton, and South Broad Valley neighborhoods. The South Ward, once home to residents of predominately Jewish descent, now has ethnic neighborhoods made up primarily of African Americans and Latinos. The South Ward is represented by Council Member Ras Baraka. The city’s second-largest hospital, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, can be found in the South Ward, as can 17 public schools, five daycare centers, three branch libraries, one police precinct, a mini precinct, and three fire houses.[47]

Finally, the East Ward consists of Newark's Downtown commercial district, as well as the Ironbound neighborhood, where much of Newark's industry was located in the 19th century. Today, due to the enterprise of its immigrant population, the Ironbound (also known as "Down Neck") is a destination for shopping, dining, and nightlife.[48] A historically immigrant-dominated section of the city, the Ironbound in recent decades has been termed "Little Portugal" due to its heavily Portuguese population. In addition, the East Ward has become home to Brazilians, Latin Americans, African Americans and commuters to Manhattan. Public education in the East Ward consists of East Side High School and six elementary schools. The ward is largely composed of densely packed housing, primarily large apartment buildings and rowhouses.[38][49][50]

Climate[]

Newark lies in the transition between a humid subtropical and humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa/Dfa), with cold, damp winters and hot, humid summers. The January daily mean is 31.6 °F (−0.2 °C), and although temperatures below 10 °F (−12 °C) are to be expected in most years,[51] sub-0 °F (−18 °C) readings are rare; conversely, some days may warm up to 50 °F (10 °C). The average seasonal snowfall is 29.5 inches (75 cm), though variations in weather patterns may bring sparse snowfall in some years and several major Nor'easters in others, with the heaviest 24-hour fall of 25.9 inches (66 cm) occurring on December 26, 1947.[52] Spring and autumn in the area are generally unstable yet mild. The July daily mean is 77.4 °F (25.2 °C), and highs exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on an average 27 days per year,[52] not factoring in the oft-higher heat index.

The city receives precipitation ranging from 2.9 to 4.8 inches (74 to 122 mm) per month, usually falling on 8 to 12 days per month. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −14 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934 to 108 °F (42 °C) on July 22, 2011.[52]

Climate data for Newark, New Jersey (Newark Liberty Int'l)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23)
76
(24)
89
(32)
97
(36)
99
(37)
102
(39)
108
(42)
105
(41)
105
(41)
93
(34)
85
(29)
76
(24)
108
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 39.4
(4.1)
42.9
(6.1)
51.3
(10.7)
62.6
(17.0)
72.8
(22.7)
82.1
(27.8)
86.6
(30.3)
84.7
(29.3)
77.3
(25.2)
66.0
(18.9)
55.3
(12.9)
44.1
(6.7)
63.8
(17.7)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32.2
(0.1)
35.2
(1.8)
42.8
(6.0)
53.5
(11.9)
63.4
(17.4)
73.0
(22.8)
77.9
(25.5)
76.4
(24.7)
68.8
(20.4)
57.2
(14.0)
47.4
(8.6)
37.1
(2.8)
55.4
(13.0)
Average low °F (°C) 25.1
(−3.8)
27.5
(−2.5)
34.2
(1.2)
44.3
(6.8)
53.9
(12.2)
63.8
(17.7)
69.2
(20.7)
68.0
(20.0)
60.3
(15.7)
48.5
(9.2)
39.6
(4.2)
30.2
(−1.0)
47.0
(8.3)
Record low °F (°C) −8
(−22)
−14
(−26)
6
(−14)
16
(−9)
33
(1)
41
(5)
51
(11)
45
(7)
35
(2)
25
(−4)
12
(−11)
−8
(−22)
−14
(−26)
Precipitation inches (mm) 3.53
(89.7)
2.88
(73.2)
4.18
(106.2)
4.20
(106.7)
4.09
(103.9)
4.02
(102.1)
4.76
(120.9)
3.70
(94)
3.82
(97)
3.60
(91.4)
3.65
(92.7)
3.80
(96.5)
46.24
(1,174.5)
Snowfall inches (cm) 8.9
(22.6)
9.5
(24.1)
4.4
(11.2)
.9
(2.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
.4
(1)
5.4
(13.7)
29.5
(74.9)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.4 9.8 11.0 11.5 11.3 11.0 10.1 9.7 8.6 8.7 9.5 10.6 122.1
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 5.0 3.7 2.4 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 .4 2.9 14.7
Source: NOAA (normals 1981–2010, extremes 1931–present)[52][53]

Demographics[]

Newark, New Jersey
Census Pop.
1810 8,008 *
1820 6,507 * −18.7%
1830 10,953 68.3%
1840 17,290 * 57.9%
1850 38,894 125.0%
1860 71,941 85.0%
1870 105,059 46.0%
1880 136,508 29.9%
1890 181,830 33.2%
1900 246,070 35.3%
1910 347,469 * 41.2%
1920 414,524 19.3%
1930 442,337 * 6.7%
1940 429,760 −2.8%
1950 438,776 2.1%
1960 405,220 −7.6%
1970 381,930 −5.7%
1980 329,248 −13.8%
1990 275,221 −16.4%
2000 273,546 −0.6%
2010 277,140 1.3%
Est. 2012 277,727 [12] 1.5%
Population sources: 1810-1920[54]
1810-1910[55] 1840[56] 1850-1870[57]
1850[58] 1870[59] 1880-1890[60]
1890-1910[61] 1840-1930[62]
1930-1990[63] 2000[64][65] 2010[8][10][11][66]
* = Territory change in previous decade.[32]

The city had a population of 277,140 in 2010,[11] retaining its position as the largest city in the state and making it the nation's 67th most-populous municipality.[67] After reaching a peak of 442,337 residents counted in the 1930 Census, the city's population saw a decline of nearly 40% as residents moved to surrounding suburbs, with the increase in 2010 of 3,594 (+1.3%) from the 273,546 counted in the 2000 Census marking the second census in 70 years in which the city's population had grown from the previous enumeration.[8][9][10][68][69]

It is commonly believed that heavily immigrant areas of Newark are significantly undercounted in the Census, especially in the East Ward. Many households refuse to participate in the census, with immigrants often reluctant to submit census forms because they believe that the information could be used to justify their deportation.[70]

2010 Census[]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 277,140 people, 94,542 households, and 61,641 families residing in the city. The population density was 11,458.3 inhabitants per square mile (4,424.1 /km2). There were 109,520 housing units at an average density of 4,528.1 per square mile (1,748.3 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 26.31% (72,914) White, 52.35% (145,085) African American, 0.61% (1,697) Native American, 1.62% (4,485) Asian, 0.04% (118) Pacific Islander, 15.22% (42,181) from other races, and 3.85% (10,660) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33.83% (93,746) of the population.[8]

There were 94,542 households out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.0% were married couples living together, 28.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.36.[8]

In the city the population was spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.3 years. For every 100 females there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.[8]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $35,659 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,009) and the median family income was $41,684 (+/- $1,116). Males had a median income of $34,350 (+/- $1,015) versus $32,865 (+/- $973) for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,367 (+/- $364). About 22.0% of families and 25.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.9% of those under age 18 and 22.4% of those age 65 or over.[71]

Poverty Rates in Newark, New Jersey in 2003 graph

Poverty rates, as of 2003

2000 Census[]

Newark was the 63rd-most-populous city as of the 2000 Census.[72]

As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 273,546 people, 91,382 households, and 61,956 families residing in the city. The population density was 11,495.0 per square mile (4,437.7/km²). There were 100,141 housing units at an average density of 4,208.1 per square mile (1,624.6//km²). The racial makeup of the city as of the 2000 Census was 53.46% (146,250) African American, 26.52% (72,537) White, 1.19% (3,263) Asian, 0.37% (1,005) Native American, 0.05% (135) Pacific Islander, 14.05% (38,430) from other races, and 4.36% (11,926) from two or more races. 29.47% (80,622) of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[64][65]

As of the 2000 Census, 49.2% of the city's 80,622 residents who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino were from Puerto Rico, while 9.4% were from Ecuador and 7.8% from the Dominican Republic.[73] There is a significant Portuguese-speaking community concentrated in the Ironbound district. 2000 Census data showed that Newark had 15,801 residents of Portuguese ancestry (5.8% of the population), while an additional 5,805 (2.1% of the total) were of Brazilian ancestry.[74]

There were 91,382 households out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.0% were married couples living together, 29.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.8 and the average family size was 3.40.[64][65]

In the city the population was spread out with 27.9% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females of age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.[64][65]

The median income for a household in the city was $26,913, and the median income for a family was $30,781. Males had a median income of $29,748 versus $25,734 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,009. 28.4% of the population and 25.5% of families were below the poverty line. 36.6% of those under the age of 18 and 24.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The city's unemployment rate was 8.5%.[64][65]

Poverty and lack of investment[]

Poverty remains a consistent problem in Newark, despite its revitalization in recent years. As of 2010, roughly one-third of the city's population is impoverished.[75] The 1967 riots resulted in White flight, a significant population loss of the city's middle class, many of them Jews, which continued from the 1970s through to the 1990s.[76] The city lost about 130,000 residents between 1960 and 1990. The city's formerly most populous ethnic group, Non-Hispanic White,[77] declined from 82.8% in 1950 to 11.6% by 2010.[78]

Portions of Newark are rebounding and improving due to the abandonment and demolition of public housing projects, especially the Baxter Terrace area. Baxter Park, a mixed-use development started in July 2011 that will include 400 apartment units along with shopping and recreation space, will replace the 500 units in the original Baxter Terrace development, which was demolished starting in 2008.[79]

Government[]

Local government[]

Effective as of July 1, 1954, the voters of the city of Newark, by a referendum held on November 3, 1953 and under the Optional Municipal Charter Law (commonly known as the Faulkner Act), adopted the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) Plan C as the form of local government.[3]

There are nine council members are elected on a nonpartisan basis at the regular municipal election or at the general election for terms of four years: one council member from each of five wards and four council members on an at-large basis. The mayor is also elected for a term of four years.[80]

As of 2013, the Mayor of Newark is Cory Booker.[81] Newark's Municipal Council consists of the following members, all with a term end date of 2014.[82][83]

  • Augusto Amador (Council Member, East Ward)
  • Ras J. Baraka (Council Member, South Ward)
  • Mildred C. Crump (Council Member-at-Large)
  • Carlos M. Gonzalez (Council Member-at-Large)
  • Luis A. Quintana (Council President/Council Member-at-Large)
  • Anibal Ramos, Jr. (Council Vice President/Council Member, North Ward)
  • Ronald C. Rice (Council Member, West Ward)
  • Darrin S. Sharif (Council Member, Central Ward)
  • Vacant (Council Member-at-Large) Shanique Davis Speight had been sworn into office on November 20, 2012, to fill the vacant seat of Donald Payne, Jr., who resigned on November 15, when he was sworn-in as a U.S. Representative. With the eight council members split over the choice of a successor, Mayor Cory Booker cast the deciding vote to choose Speight at a council meeting in which residents opposed to Booker's vote took vocal issue with his decision.[84] In December 2012, Judge Dennis Carey III ruled that Booker was not entitled to cast a vote to fill the council vacancy and ruled that Speight could not fill the seat, reinstating the 4-4 split on the city council that would remain until Payne's seat is filled based on the results of a special election that would be held in November 2013.[85]

Federal, state, and county representation[]

Newark is split between the 8th and 10th Congressional Districts[86] and is part of New Jersey's 28th and 29th state legislative districts.[9][87][88] Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Newark had been split between the 27th, 28th and 29th state legislative districts.[89] Prior to the 2010 Census, Newark had been split between the 10th Congressional District and the 13th Congressional DistrictWp globe tiny, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.[89] As part of the split that took effect in 2013, 123,763 residents in two non-contiguous sections in the city's north and northeast were placed in the 8th District and 153,377 in the southern and western portions of the city were placed in the 10th District.[86][90]

Politics[]

On the national level, Newark leans strongly toward the Democratic Party.

As of March 23, 2011, out of a 2010 Census population of 277,140 in Newark, there were 136,785 registered voters (66.3% of the 2010 population ages 18 and over of 206,253, vs. 77.7% in all of Essex County of the 589,051 ages 18 and up) of which, 68,393 (50.0% vs. 45.9% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 3,548 (2.6% vs. 9.9% countywide) were registered as Republicans, 64,812 (47.4% vs. 44.1% countywide) were registered as Unaffiliated and there were 30 voters registered to other parties.[91]

In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 90.8% of the vote here (77,112 ballots cast), ahead of Republican John McCain who received 7.0% of the vote (5,957 votes), with 84,901 of the city's 140,946 registered voters participating, for a turnout of 60.2% of registered voters.[92] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 85.9% of the vote here (62,700 ballots), outpolling Republican George W. Bush, who received 12.8% (9,344), with 72,977 of 127,049 registered voters participating, for a turnout percentage of 57.4%.[93]

In the 2009 Gubernatorial Election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 90.2% of the vote here (36,637 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie who received 8.3% of the vote (5,957 votes), with 40,613 of the city's 134,195 registered voters (30.3%) participating.[94]

Political corruption[]

Newark has been marred with episodes of political corruption throughout the years. Five of the previous seven Mayors of Newark have been indicted on criminal charges, including the previous three Mayors: Hugh Addonizio, Kenneth Gibson, and Sharpe James. As reported by Newsweek: "... every mayor since 1962 (except the current one, Cory Booker) has been indicted for crimes committed while in office".[95]

Addonizio was mayor of Newark from 1962 to 1970. A son of Italian immigrants, a tailor and WWII veteran, he ran on a reform platform, defeating the incumbent, Leo Carlin, who, ironically, he characterized as corrupt and a part of the political machine of the era. During the 1967 riots, it was found that Addonizio and other city officials were taking kickbacks from city contractors. He was convicted of extortion and conspiracy in 1970, and was sentenced to ten years in federal prison.[96]

His successor was Kenneth Gibson, the city's first African American mayor, elected in 1970. He pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion in 2002 as part of a plea agreement on fraud and bribery charges. During his tenure as Mayor in 1980, he was tried and acquitted of giving out no-show jobs by an Essex County jury.[97]

Sharpe James, who defeated Gibson in 1986 and declined to run for a sixth term in 2006, was indicted on 33 counts of conspiracy, mail fraud, and wire fraud by a federal grand jury sitting in Newark. The grand jury charged James with spending $58,000 on city-owned credit cards for personal gain and orchestrating a scheme to sell city-owned land at below-market prices to his companion, who immediately re-sold the land to developers and gained a profit of over $500,000. James pleaded not guilty on 25 counts at his initial court appearance on July 12, 2007. On April 17, 2008, James was found guilty for his role in the conspiring to rig land sales at nine city-owned properties for personal gain. The former mayor was sentenced to serve up to 27 months in prison.[98]

Crime[]

In 1996, Time magazine ranked Newark "The Most Dangerous City in the Nation."[99] By 2007, however, the city recorded a total of 99 homicides for the year, representing a significant drop from the record of 161 murders set in 1981.[100][101][102][103] The number of murders in 2008 dropped to 65, a decline of 30% from the previous year and the lowest in the city since 2002 when there were also 65 murders.[104]

In 2011, Newark recorded 90 homicides, after experiencing 86 homicides in 2010.[105] Overall, there was a 6% increase in crime numbers over the previous year, including a rise in carjackings for the third straight year.[106] Along with the increase in crime, the Newark Police Department increased its recovery of illegally owned guns in 2011 to 696, up from 278 in 2010.[105]

After being forced to lay off 162 officers due to economic reasons in 2010, the NPD was able to rehire eight of those officers in 2012, with plans for another 17 rehires later in the year.[105]

Economy[]

Newark, New Jersey at night

Downtown Newark at night

Panasonic Hdqtrs Newark (constructionSept2012)

Panasonic Headquarters under construction

Newark is the third-largest insurance center in the United States, after New York City and Hartford.[107] The Prudential Financial and Mutual Benefit Life companies originated in the city. The former, one of the largest insurance companies in the world, is still headquartered in Newark. Many other companies are headquartered in the city, including IDT Corporation, New Jersey Transit, Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG), Manischewitz, Horizon Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey.[108][109] and Audible.com.[110]

Though Newark is not the industrial colossus of the past, the city does have a considerable amount of industry. The southern portion of the Ironbound, also known as the Industrial Meadowlands, has seen many factories built since World War II, including a large Anheuser-Busch brewery. The service industry is also growing rapidly, replacing those in the manufacturing industry, which was once Newark's primary economy. In addition, transportation has become a large business in Newark, accounting for more than 17,000 jobs in 2011.[111]

The Consulate-General of Ecuador in New Jersey is located on the 4th Floor at 400 Market Street.[112] The Consulate-General of Portugal in Newark is located at the main floor of the Legal Center at One Riverfront Plaza.[113] The Vice Consulate of Italy is located in Suite 100 at 1 Gateway Center.[114]

Panasonic plans to leave its longtime North American headquarters in nearby Secaucus, New Jersey and move to a 250,000-square-foot (23,000 m2) space in Newark in 2013, as part of a deal in which the company would receive over $100 million in tax incentives to add to the 800 employees it already has in New Jersey.[115]

Portions of Newark are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[116]

Port Newark[]

Newark Bay

Newark Bay with the New Jersey Turnpike and Newark Bay Bridge visible

Port Newark is the part of Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal and the largest cargo facility in the Port of New York and New Jersey. Located on Newark Bay, it is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and serves as the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the New York metropolitan region and the northeastern quadrant of North America. The Port moved over $100 billion in goods in 2003, making it the 15th busiest in the world at the time, but was the number one container port as recently as 1985.[117] Plans are underway for billions of dollars of improvements - larger cranes, bigger railyard facilities, deeper channels, and expanded wharves.[118]

Education[]

Colleges and universities[]

Rutgers Newark aerial view of campus 2008

Campus of Rutgers University-Newark

Newark is the home of the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Rutgers–Newark, Seton Hall University School of Law, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (formerly University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey) (Newark Campus), Essex County College, and a Berkeley College campus. Most of Newark's academic institutions are located in the city's University Heights district. The colleges and universities have worked together to help revitalize the area, which serves more than 40,000 students and faculty.[119]

Public schools[]

As of the 2006-2010 American Community Survey, 16.0% of Newark residents ages 25 and over had never attended high school and 15.9% didn't graduate, while 68.1% had at least graduated from high school, including the 12.3% who had earned a bachelor's degree or higher. The total school enrollment in Newark city was 75,025 in the 2006-2010 ACS, with pre-primary school enrollment of 10,560, elementary or high school enrollment of 46,691 and college enrollment of 17,774.[71]

The Newark Public Schools, a state-operated school district, is the largest school system in New Jersey. The district is one of 31 Abbott districts statewide,[120] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[121][122] As of the 2009-10 school year, the district's 75 schools had an enrollment of 39,443 students and 2,685 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.69.[123]

The city's public schools are among the lowest-performing in the state, leading to a take over by the state government in 1995 with the intention of improvement. The school district continues to struggle with low high school graduation rates and low standardized test scores. A notable exception to this was Science Park High School, which was the 69th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 50th in 2008 out of 316 schools. Technology High School has a GreatSchools rating of 9/10 was ranked 165th in New Jersey Monthly's 2010 rankings. Newark high schools ranked in the bottom 10% of New Jersey Monthly'ss 2010 list include Central (274th), East Side (293rd), Newark Vocational (304th), Weequahic (310th), Barringer (311th), Malcolm X Shabazz (314th) and West Side (319th).[124] Facebook co-founder Mark Zuckerberg donated a challenge grant of $100 million to the district in 2010, choosing Newark because he stated he believed in Mayor Cory Booker and Governor Chris Christie's abilities.[125]

Charter schools in Newark include the Robert Treat Academy Charter School, a National Blue Ribbon School drawing students from all over Newark. It remains one of the top performing K-8 schools in New Jersey based on standardized test scores.[126] University Heights Charter School is another charter school, serving children in grades K-5, recognized as a 2011 Epic Silver Gain School.[127] Gray Charter School, like Robert Treat, also won a Blue Ribbon Award.[128] Also, Newark Collegiate Academy (NCA) opened in August 2007 and currently serves 420 students in grades 9-12. It will ultimately serve over 570 students, mostly matriculating from other charter schools in the area.[129]

Private schools[]

The city hosts three high schools as part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The coeducational Christ The King Prep, founded in 2007, is part of the Cristo Rey Community; Saint Benedict's Preparatory School is an all-boys Roman Catholic high school founded in 1868 and conducted by the Benedictine monks of Newark Abbey, whose campus has grown to encompass both sides of MLK Jr. Blvd. near Market Street and includes a dormitory for boarding students; and Saint Vincent Academy, is an all-girls Roman Catholic high school founded and sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth and operated continuously since 1869.[130]

Link Community School is a non-denominational coeducational day school located serving approximately 128 students in seventh and eighth grades. The Newark Boys Chorus School was founded in the 1960s.[131] The University Heights Charter School teaches 160 students in grades K-5.

Culture[]

Architecture and sculptures[]

NewarkCathedral

Cathedral of the Sacred Heart

There are several notable Beaux-Arts buildings, such as the Veterans' Administration building, the Newark Museum, the Newark Public Library, and the Cass Gilbert-designed Essex County Courthouse. Notable Art Deco buildings include several 1930s era skyscrapers, such as the National Newark Building and Eleven 80, the restored Newark Penn Station, and Arts High School. Gothic architecture can be found at the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart by Branch Brook Park, which is one of the largest gothic cathedrals in the United States. It is rumored to have as much stained glass as the Cathedral of Chartres. Newark also has two public sculpture works by Gutzon BorglumWars of America in Military Park and Seated Lincoln in front of the Essex County Courthouse. Moorish Revival buildings include Newark Symphony Hall and the Prince Street Synagogue, one of the oldest synagogue buildings in New Jersey.[132]

Performing arts[]

Newark is site of the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, located near Military Park, which since its opening in 1997 has become the home of the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra and the New Jersey State Opera, and has developed into one the most visited in the United States. NJPAC is involved in the construction of One Theater Square, a mixed-use skyscraper in the heart of the cultural district that is planned to include the city's tallest building. The center's programs of national and international music, dance, and theater make it the nation's sixth-largest performing arts center, attracting over 400,000 visitors each year.[133]

Prior to the opening of the performing arts center, Newark Symphony Hall was home to the New Jersey Symphony, the New Jersey State Opera, and the Garden State Ballet, which stills maintains an academy there.[134] The 1925 neo-classic building, originally built by the Shriners, has three performance spaces, including the main concert named in honor of famous Newarker Sarah Vaughan, offering rhythm and blues, rap, hip-hop, and gospel music concerts, and is part of the modern day Chitlin' circuit.[135]

The Newark Boys Chorus, founded in 1966, performs regularly in the city. The African Globe Theater Works presents a new works seasonally. The biennial Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival took place in Newark for the first time in 2010.[136][137]

Venues at the universities in the city are also used to present professional and semi-professional theater, dance, and music. Since its opening, the Prudential Center in 2007 has presented Diana Ross, Katy Perry, Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, The Eagles, Hannah Montana/Miley Cyrus, Spice Girls, Jonas Brothers, Metro Station, Metallica, Alicia Keys, Demi Lovato, David Archuleta, Taylor Swift and American Idol Live!, among others. Bon Jovi performed a series of ten concerts to mark the venue's opening.[138]

Museums, libraries, and galleries[]

Newark Museum Facade

Three buildings of the Newark Museum

The Newark Museum is the largest in New Jersey. Highlights of its collection include American and Tibetan art. The museum also contains science galleries, a planetarium, a gallery for children's exhibits, a fire museum, a sculpture garden and an 18th-century schoolhouse. Also part of the museum is the historic John Ballantine House, a restored Victorian mansion which is a National Historic Landmark. The museum co-sponsors the Newark Black Film Festival, which has premiered numerous films since its founding in 1974.[139]

The city is also home to the New Jersey Historical Society, which has rotating exhibits on New Jersey and Newark. The Newark Public Library, the state's largest system with 11 locations, also produces a series of historical exhibits. The library houses more than a million volumes and has frequent exhibits on a variety of topics, many featuring items from its Fine Print and Special Collections.[140]

In February 2004, plans were announced for a new Smithsonian Institution-affiliated Museum of African American Music to be built in the city's Coast/Lincoln Park neighborhood. The museum will be dedicated to black musical styles, from gospel to rap. The new museum will incorporate the façade of the old South Park Presbyterian Church, where Abraham Lincoln once spoke.[141]

On December 9, 2007, the Jewish Museum of New Jersey,[142] located at 145 Broadway in the Broadway neighborhood held its grand opening. The museum is dedicated to the cultural heritage of New Jersey’s Jewish people. The museum is housed at Ahavas Sholom,[143] the last continually operating synagogue in Newark. By the 1950s there were 50 synagogues in Newark serving a Jewish population of 70,000 to 80,000, once the sixth-largest Jewish community in the United States.[144][145]

Newark is also home to numerous art galleries including Aljira, a Center for Contemporary Art, City Without Walls, Gallery Aferro, Rupert Ravens Contemporary, Sumei Arts Center,[146] and the Paul Robeson Galleries[147] at Rutgers–Newark.

In April 2010, plans were announced for a new Children's Museum of New Jersey to be created across from Newark Penn Station.[148]

Festivals and parades[]

There are several festivals and parades held annually or bi-annually including the Cherry Blossom Festival (April) in Branch Brook Park, the Lincoln Park Music Festival (July) at Lincoln Park, the Newark Black Film Festival (Summer), the Portugal Day Festival (June) in The Ironbound and the McDonald's Gospelfest (June) at Prudential Center, Geraldine R. Dodge Poetry Festival (October) (biennale) at various venues and the city-wide Open Doors (October)[149]

Professional sports[]

While there have been many sports teams in Newark proper, it has spent much of its history without an MLB, NBA, NHL, or NFL team actually located in the city itself. The Meadowlands Sports Complex which hosts NYC metropolitan area teams, is less than 10 miles (16 km) from downtown and the Prudential Center.[150]

Pudcentnewarkjeh

The Prudential Center in downtown Newark

Club Sport Established League Venue
New Jersey Devils Ice Hockey 1982 (Moved to Newark in 2007.) NHL Prudential Center
Red Bulls Soccer 1995 (Moved to Harrison, a suburb of Newark in 2010.) MLS Red Bull Arena
Newark Bears Baseball 1998 Can-Am League Riverfront Stadium
New York Liberty Basketball 1997 (Will play in Newark from 2011-2013 while Madison Square Garden undergoes summer renovations.) WNBA Prudential Center

Hockey[]

The New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League are the only professional sports team to play within the city limits of Newark. In 2007, the Devils moved from the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford to the Prudential Center in downtown Newark, an arena jointly financed by the team and the city.[151]

Soccer[]

In Harrison, across the Passaic River from Newark's Ironbound neighborhood, the Red Bull Arena serves as the home stadium for Major League Soccer's New York Red Bulls. A pedestrian bridge linking the two cities at the Riverbank Park/Minish Park is planned as part of the Passaic River promenade.[152]

Baseball[]

Although Newark has had a rich history in baseball and currently has a minor league team, the city has never had a Major League Baseball team. The closest was a team named the Newark Peppers of the Federal League, which played the 1915 season across the river in Harrison, New Jersey.

Newark had eight teams in the National Association of Base Ball Players, including the Newark Eurekas and the Newark Adriatics.[153] Newark was then home to the Newark Indians of the International League. The city was also hosted the Negro League's Newark Dodgers and Newark Eagles, the latter for whom the Bears and Eagles Riverfront Stadium is partially named.[154] The current Newark minor league team, the revived Newark Bears, play at Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium, a stop on the Newark Light Rail. The Bears are part of the independent Atlantic League, which also includes the Somerset Patriots in Bridgewater Township and the Camden Riversharks in Camden.[155]

Basketball[]

Newark gained an NBA tenant for the first time when the then-New Jersey Nets moved to the city in 2010, though the move was temporary as the team completed construction of its own arena, the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York for the 2012–13 season.[156] The New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) will have its home court at Newark's Prudential Center for three seasons until renovations of Madison Square Garden are completed in 2013.[157]

A professional basketball team in the American Basketball Association, the Newark Express was introduced to the city in 2005. The team formerly played their home at Essex County College and Drew University in Madison and now play at East Orange Campus High School.[158]

Football[]

Newark had a team which competed in the first American Football League in 1926, the Newark Bears. A short-lived NFL franchise named the Newark Tornadoes folded in 1930. In 1937, the AFL team the Orange Tornadoes moved to Newark, becoming the Newark Tornadoes which competed in the AA's Southern Division. In 1939, the Tornadoes were purchased by Chicago Bears owner George Halas as a farm team, eventually moving to Akron, Ohio.[159] In 1946, they were replaced by the Newark Bombers, which in 1947 moved to Bloomfield, New Jersey and became the Bloomfield Cardinals.

Local media[]

Newark does not have any major television network affiliates due to its proximity to New York City. However, WNET, a flagship station of the Public Broadcasting Service, and Spanish-language WFUT-TV, a TeleFutura owned-and-operated station, are licensed to Newark. The state's leading newspaper, The Star-Ledger, owned by Advance Publications, is based in Newark. Radio Station WJZ (now WABC (AM)) made its first broadcast in 1921 from the Westinghouse plant near Lackawanna Station. It moved to New York City in the 1920s. Pioneer radio station WOR AM was originally licensed to and broadcast from the Bamberger's Department Store in Newark. Radio Station WNEW-AM (now WBBR) was founded in Newark in 1934. It later moved to New York City. In addition, WBGO, a National Public Radio affiliate that reaches New York City with a format of standard and contemporary jazz, is at 54 Park Place in downtown Newark. WNSW AM-1430 (formerly WNJR) and WQXR (which was formerly WHBI and later WCAA) 105.9 FM are also licensed to Newark.[160]

Film and television[]

There have been several film and TV productions depicting life in Newark. Life of Crime, was originally produced in 1988 and was followed by a 1998 sequel.[161] New Jersey Drive, a 1995 film about the city when it was considered the "car theft capital of the world".[162] Street Fight is an Academy Award-nominated documentary film which covered the 2002 mayoral election between incumbent Sharpe James and challenger Cory Booker. In 2009, the Sundance Channel aired Brick City, a five-part television documentary about Newark, focusing on the community's attempt to become a better and safer place to live, against a history of nearly a half century of violence, poverty and official corruption. The second season premiered January 30, 2011.[163] Revolution '67 is an award winning documentary which examines the causes and events of the 1967 Newark riots. The HBO television series The Sopranos filmed many of its scenes in Newark, and is partially based on the life of Newark mobster Richard Boiardo.[164][165]

Numerous movies, television programs, and music videos have been shot in Newark, its period architecture and its streetscape seen as an ideal "urban setting". In 2011, the city created the Newark Office of Film and Television in order to promote the making of media productions.[166][167] Some months earlier the Ironbound film and Televisin studio, the only, "stay and shoot" facility in the metro area opened, its first production being Bar Karma.[168] In 2012 the city hosted the seventh season of the reality show competition America's Got Talent.[169]

Transportation[]

Early history[]

NewarkTrolleyCourthouse

Newark Trolley line on Market Street near the present-day courthouse

The Morris Canal, stretching 102 miles (164 km) to Newark from Phillipsburg on the Delaware River was completed in 1831 and allowed coal and other industrial and agricultural products from Pennsylvania to be transported cheaply and efficiently to the New York City area.[170] The canal's completion led to increased settlement in Newark, vastly increasing the population for years to come. As the city came to be more and more congested, further means of transportation were sought; eventually leading to horse-drawn trolleys which eventually became electric trolleys that ran down the main streets of downtown Newark including Broad Street and up Market Street near the courthouse. The trolley cars did not last long as the personal motor vehicle quickly gained popularity and slowly made the trolley system seem like a burden.[171] The Morris Canal also saw its days come to an end, only to be more recently used by the Newark City Subway, now known as the Newark Light Rail. Even today, many of the subway stations still portray the Canal in its original state in the form of mosaic works.

Present day[]

Newark Airport

New York City and Jersey City skylines as seen from Newark Liberty International Airport

Newark Pennsylvania Station interior

Newark Penn Station

New Jersey Transit Newark Light Rail Kinkisharyo104

Newark light rail system

Newark is a hub of air, road, rail, and ship traffic, making it a significant gateway into the New York metropolitan area and the northeastern United States.[172] Newark Liberty International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the New York region and the 14th-busiest in the United States (in terms of passenger traffic),[173] had 403,429 plane movements, transported 33,107,041 passengers, 860,845 tons of cargo and processed 82,479 tons of airmail in 2010.[174] Newark Airport was the New York City area's first commercial airport, opened in 1928 on land reclaimed by the Port Authority.[27] Just east of the airport lies Port Newark, the fifteenth-busiest port in the world and the largest container port on the East Coast of the United States. In 2003, the port moved over $100 billion in goods.[175]

Newark is served by numerous highways including the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95), Interstate 280, Interstate 78, the Garden State Parkway, U.S. Route 1/9, U.S. Route 22, and Route 21. Newark is connected to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan by the Pulaski Skyway, spanning both the Passaic and Hackensack Rivers., which was first constructed in 1938 and will be undergoing a $900 million renovation project.[176]

Local streets in Newark conform to a quasi-grid form, with major streets radiating outward (like spokes on a wheel) from the downtown area. Some major roads in the city are named after the towns to which they lead, including South Orange Avenue, Springfield Avenue, and Bloomfield Avenue, as well as Broadway, which had been renamed from Belleville Avenue.[177]

Newark is second in the U.S. to New York City in the proportion of households without an automobile, and is extensively served by mass transit. Newark Penn Station, situated just east of downtown, is the city's major train station, connecting the interurban PATH system (which links Newark to Manhattan) with three New Jersey Transit commuter rail lines and Amtrak service to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. It was designed by McKim, Mead & White and completed in 1935. Only one mile north, the Newark Broad Street Station is served by two commuter rail lines. The two train stations are linked by the Newark Light Rail system, which also provides services from Newark Penn Station to Newark's northern communities and into the neighboring towns of Belleville and Bloomfield. Built in the bed of the Morris Canal, the light rail cars run underground in Newark's downtown area. The city's third train station, Newark Liberty International Airport, connects the Northeast Corridor and North Jersey Coast Line to the airport via AirTrain Newark. Bus service in Newark is provided by New Jersey Transit, CoachUSA contract operators and DeCamp in North Newark.[178]

Newark is served by New Jersey Transit bus routes 1, 5, 11, 13, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99, 107, and 108. Bus route 308 is an express bus route to Six Flags Great Adventure from Newark Penn Station while 319 is an express service to Atlantic City.[179]

The go bus 25 and go bus 28 are bus rapid transit lines through the city to Irvington, Bloomfield, and Newark Liberty.[180][181]

Health and safety[]

Hospitals and medical care[]

Newark is home to four hospitals. University Hospital is the principal teaching hospital of the UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School and is the busiest Level I trauma center in the state.[182] UMDNJ also provides emergency medical services to the city. Newark Beth Israel Medical Center is the largest hospital in the city and is a part of Barnabas Health, the state's largest system of hospital and health care facilities.[183] Beth Israel is also one of the oldest hospitals in the city, dating back to 1901. This 669-bed regional facility is also home to the Children's Hospital of New Jersey. Catholic Health East operates Saint Michael's Medical Center. Hospitals which have been closed in recent years include the Saint James Hospital, Columbus Hospital, Mount Carmel Guild Hospital and the United Hospitals Medical Center.[184][185][186]

Emergency Medical Services[]

University Hospital EMS (UH-EMS) operates the EMS system for the City of Newark, operating out of 1 station off of Cabinet Street behind the old Martland building. The department operates a fleet of 4 BLS units staffed with two EMTs 24/7, four 12 hour power trucks, and 5 ALS units staffed with two paramedics (one of which is stationed at Newark International Airport, covering the Airport, Ports Newark & Elizabeth, and is responds frequently into the City of Elizabth). The fast-paced EMS system is the busiest system per unit in the nation. On average, a BLS unit may be sent to 20-25 dispatches in a 12-hour shift. They also provide the medical staffing for Northstar, with a one of the two NJ State Police medevac helicopters, staffing one flight nurse and a flight medic around the clock.

EMS Rescue 1[]

University Hospital EMS operates a full-service heavy rescue unit that serves the City of Newark. Staffed by two Rescue Specialists who are certified EMT's or Paramedics, EMS Rescue responds responds to a wide variety of assignments including operational assistance to UH-EMS field units. UH-EMS Rescue is the only hospital-based heavy rescue unit in service nationally.

The rescue component of the BLS Division is staffed by eight full-time Rescue Specialists and a core of cross-trained personnel that are assigned to other areas of the department. All rescue specialists are required to complete a rigorous UMDNJ sponsored basic rescue training course and field internship followed by continuous training, education, and drills. Many rescue specialists are also highly involved with the EMS Special Operations Group, EMS Task Force, Emergency Response Team, and other specialty units operated by UH-EMS.

UH-EMS Rescue maintains a fleet of three specialized heavy-rescue vehicles and performs a variety of rescue skills including vehicle extrication, high and low angle rope rescue, trench rescue, shipboard rescue, water rescue, and confined space operations. UH-EMS Rescue responds to over 5000 incidents annually.

Rescue is also available to assist with forcible entries, lift assistance, emotionally disturbed patients, and scene lighting for EMS and other public-safety operations. Rescue is also routinely assigned to highway assignments and motor vehicle accidents to assist with scene safety and traffic control. Rescue is also a fully equipped BLS unit and may be utilized occasionally as a first-response unit when other field units are not available.[187]

EMS Special Operations[]

University Hospital EMS maintains a group of highly trained and experienced staff members that comprise the Special Operations Group (SOG). SOG members represent all of the respective UH-EMS divisions including BLS, ALS, REMCS, NorthSTAR, Rescue, Critical Care, Camden, Supervisors, and Management.

The elite Special Operations Group, working closely with the New Jersey EMS Task Force, maintains responsibility for training, preparedness, and operations at large scale, mass casualty, and extended operation incidents within our coverage areas and for the Metro New Jersey/New York Region. SOG Deployments have also been conducted at the statewide and national levels for disaster operations.

This mission is carried out through the maintenance of a dedicated core of SOG members, a fleet of specialized vehicles, supplies, and equipment, continuing education and training, drills, and constant emergency management and disaster planning. UH-EMS SOG has in the past responded to a wide variety incidents including large fire operations, high rise fires, large scale evacuations, structure collapses, aircraft crashes, hazardous materials (Haz-Mat) incidents, natural disasters, and crime scenes.

All SOG members have extensive experience within their respective fields and maintain the highest levels of training and preparedness. Specialists and Technicians within SOG maintain operations level or higher certifications in Incident Command (ICS), National Incident Management Systems (NIMS), Hazardous Materials, Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), Large Scale Incidents (LSI), CBRNE, Mass Casualty Response, and Special Operations Vehicles. Many members also maintain technician and instructor level certifications in these disciplines.

On-duty SOG members may be initially assigned to such incidents in a first-response capacity or to staff and operate the fleet of highly specialized vehicles including the Mass Casualty Response Unit (MCRU), Special Operations Vehicle (SOV), and Technology Support Unit (TSU). SOG members are also utilized to fill in key leadership roles within EMS Branch Operations of the Incident Command Structure.

For larger or long-term operations, additional SOG personnel may be deployed through an alphanumeric paging system operated by REMCS.

University Hospital EMS maintains a fleet on highly specialized custom vehicles to support the mission and operations of the Special Operations Group. These vehicles are staffed and operated by highly trained and experienced SOG members and may be deployed by special request to any large scale or extended operation incident.[188]

The UH-EMS Special Operations Group maintains the following vehicles:

Mass Casualty Response Unit (MCRU)

The MCRU is equipped and intended to support SOG and the NJ EMS Task Force at any large scale incident with a high number of victims (actual or potential). The MCRU is equipped with large quantities of bulk BLS and ALS supplies, backboards, multilator driven oxygen, portable generators, basic rescue tools, scene lighting, interagency communications equipment, and materials to assist with the implementation of the ICS system and triage, treatment, and transport stations of EMS Branch Operations. Delivered in 2006, the MCRU was purchased through a homeland security UASI grant and replaced an older MCRU vehicle which had been utilized since 1987.

Special Operations Vehicle (SOV)

The SOV is equipped to support SOG and Task Force operations at large scale incidents by stocking various support materials. This equipment includes materials for establishing on-scene command posts, rehab stations, record keeping, accountability, and triage, treatment, and transport station support materials. The SOV also provides access via trailer to a specially configured John Deere Gator ATV to assist with mobility on incident scenes. The SOV was placed in service in 2005. Two identical vehicles are operated in Central New Jersey by Robert Wood Johnson EMS and in Southern New Jersey by the UH-EMS Camden Special Operations Group.

Technology Support Unit (TSU)

The TSU, operated primarily by specially-trained REMCS SOG personnel, is responsible for deploying technology resources to incident scenes in support of SOG and Task Force operations. These resources include a mobile communications center, interagency communications equipment, mobile computing equipment and networking, satellite communications, closed circuit television, and mobile command post. The TSU was placed into service in 2005.

Auxiliary Vehicles

In support of this fleet, UH-EMS also operates several Special Operations support vehicles. These vehicles include specially configured ambulances, sport utility vehicles, trucks, vans, and trailers.

Other services[]

UH-EMS Newark operates a Bike Teams for prescheduled events. The EMS Bike Team was organized in 1994 to assist with deployment of medical resources at large public events, where access by ambulances and emergency vehicles would be inhibited. Bike Team units are commonly deployed at large public festivals, parades, and civic events.

Each EMS Bike Unit is equipped with standard BLS supplies, an sAED, and portable oxygen. Bike Team members are generally paired in groups of two or three and represent the ALS, BLS, and Supervisor components of EMS. All Bike Team members participate annually in physical testing, including an obstacle course and endurance ride.[189]

University Hospital EMS provides medical support for Newark Police Department Emergency Response Team (ERT) and Emergency Services Unit (ESU) operations. UH-EMS Tactical Medical Specialist members of the ERT are carefully selected to participate in tactical training with the sworn members of the Newark Police Department. All members of ERT are required to pass the same rigorous physical standards as their police counterparts and provide on-site tactical medical support for a multitude of law enforcement and tactical entry operations. The UH-EMS medical component of the ERT was initiated in 1994 and includes representatives from the BLS, ALS, Rescue, Supervisor, and Management divisions.[190]

Regional Emergency Medical Communications System of Metropolitan New Jersey[]

The communication center for University Hospital Emergency Medical Services, acronymed REMCS for the Regional Emergency Medical Communications System of Metropolitan New Jersey, is the telecommunications backbone of the UH-EMS system. REMCS serves as the public safety dispatch point and 9-1-1 medical answering center for the City of Newark, New Jersey.

REMCS call takers are responsible for screening and prioritizing all 9-1-1 emergency medical calls originating within the City of Newark, including Newark Liberty International Airport and the New Jersey Marine Terminals. Citywide dispatchers are then responsible for assigning these calls for service to appropriate field units.

Medical requests are prioritized utilizing internationally recognized Medical Priority Dispatch ProQA software, which utilizes a standard system of questions to determine the nature and severity of the request. This software also aids dispatchers with providing pre-arrival and post-dispatch medical instructions to callers on how to assist victims prior to the arrival of public safety resources.

REMCS is responsible for taking outside agency ALS requests from the cities of Orange and East Orange, which are primary coverage areas for the UH-EMS ALS Division and for requests for mutual aid into surrounding municipalities.

New Jersey State Police JEMSTAR (Shock Trauma Air Rescue) Communications are also based out of REMCS. This includes all call screening, dispatch, and flight following for New Jersey's two primary medevac helicopters NorthSTAR and SouthSTAR, and all on scene requests for all the helicopters in New Jersey (Monoc Air 1, Atlantic Air 1, Atlantic Air 2, Atlantic Air 3, Hackensack 1, Medevac 4, Medevac 5, JeffSTAT, and PENSTAR2). A dedicated air-medical telecommunicator is on duty at all times to receive requests for emergency on-scene responses and for critical care missions.

REMCS is staffed at all times by six EMT & EMD certified dispatchers, plus 1 EMS supervisor. REMCS also dispatches the Orange, Maplewood, and Irvington NJ fire departments.[191] It is the communications center for the NJ EMS Task Force.

The EMS system in Newark handles upwards of 125,000 requests for service annually.[192]

Fire Department[]

The city is protected around the clock by the 700 full-time, paid firefighters of the city of Newark Fire Department (NFD). Founded in 1863, the Newark Fire Department operates out of 16 fire stations, located throughout the city in three battalions. The NFD operates a fleet of 15 engines, 8 ladders, 1 rescue, 4 hazardous material (Haz-Mat) units, a foam unit, a mobile command unit, an air unit, a fireboat, and numerous other special, support, and reserve units. The Newark Fire Department responds to around 45,000 emergency calls annually. In 2006, the NFD responded to 2,681 fire and hazardous condition calls.[193]

Firehouse 8 Filmore jeh

Former Firehouse 8 building in the Ironbound neighborhood

On October 1, 2010, the NFD removed Battalion 1 from service and distributed the command of its fire stations and companies over the remaining 3 battalions. Also, Engine 12, Engine 16, and Ladder 1 were removed from service. Battalion 2 is staffed to make up a 4th Battalion when manpower permits.[194][195][196]

Until 2010, the firehouse at 191 Orange Street was home to Ladder 1, Rescue 1, and Haz-Mat. 1. Currently, it no longer houses active fire companies, however it is the headquarters of the department's Special Operations Division and houses the Haz-Mat. 2, the Haz-Mat. Spill Unit, the Haz-Mat. Decontamination Unit, the Dive Unit, the Foam Unit, the Mobile Command Unit, and many other Special Operations Units. Like other stations in the city, it also houses a fleet of reserve/spare fire apparatuses. Also, the Special Services and Fire Alarm Line Divisions are located at 56 Prospect Street (former quarters of Engine 5) in the North Ironbound neighborhood.[197]

International relations[]

Twin towns - sister cities[]

Newark has 13 sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:[198]

  • The Bahamas Freeport, Bahamas
  • Cameroon Douala, Cameroon
  • People's Republic of China Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
  • Portugal Aveiro, Portugal
  • Brazil Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • The Gambia Banjul, Gambia
  • Ghana Kumasi, Ghana
  • Brazil Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • Liberia Monrovia, Liberia
  • Azerbaijan Ganja, Azerbaijan[199]
  • Brazil Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Brazil Governador Valadares, Brazil
  • Brazil Reserva, Paraná, Brazil

See also[]

  • List of Newark, New Jersey people
  • List of Mayors of Newark, New Jersey
  • List of elected officials in Newark, New Jersey

Footnotes[]

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Further reading[]

  • John T Cunningham, Newark. Newark, NJ: New Jersey Historical Society, 1966.
  • Stuart Galishoff, Newark: The Nation's Unhealthiest City, 1832-1895. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988.
  • Ezra Shales, Made in Newark: Cultivating Industrial Arts and Civic Identity in the Progressive Era. New Brunswick, NJ: Rivergate Books/Rutgers University Press, 2010.
  • Helen M. Strummer, No Easy Walk: Newark, 1980-1993. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1994.
  • 2005-Newark's land use plan including historical data

External links[]

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This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Newark, New Jersey. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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