Oldřich (around 990 – 11 November 1034) was the Duke of Bohemia from 1012 to 1033 and briefly in 1034. He was a son of Boleslaus II and brother of Boleslaus III and Jaromír.
Oldřich deposed Jaromír on 12 April 1012 and recognised the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor. According to legend, Oldřich married a woman known as Božena, daughter of Křesina, after discarding his first wife on the grounds that they were childless.
Bretislaus sought to win back Moravia from the Poles and in 1029 Bretislaus drove the Poles out of the eastern lands. Bretislaus' efforts in Slovakia against Hungary failed in 1030 due to the jealousy of the Emperor Conrad II. In the following year, Czech forces refused to take the field for the emperor.
In 1032, Oldřich was invited to the Diet of Merseburg and did not appear. His absence raised the ire of the emperor and Conrad, busy with events in Burgundy, charged his son Henry VI, Duke of Bavaria, with punishing the recalcitrant Bohemian. Oldřich was deposed and sent to Bavaria. He was replaced by Jaromír, but he in turn was captured, blinded, and deposed by Oldřich, who seized power again and drove out Jaromír's son from Moravia. Oldřich died abruptly on 9 November 1034 and later examination of his skeleton reveal his skull to have suffered a fatal blow. Jaromír then renounced the throne in favour of Bretislaus.
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Bretislaus I of Bohemia (c1003-1055) | 1002 | 10 January 1055 Castle Chrudim | Judith von Schweinfurt (?-1058) |
Footnotes (including sources)
| ‡ General |
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Jaromír |
Duke of Bohemia 1012–1033 |
Succeeded by Jaromír |
| Duke of Bohemia 1034 |
Succeeded by Bretislaus I | |
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