Peru, Indiana | |
|---|---|
 Peru downtown | |
|
Nickname: Circus Capital of the World | |
 Location of Peru in Miami County, Indiana. | |
| Coordinates: Script error: No such module "ISO 3166". | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Miami |
| Townships | Peru, Washington |
| Founded | 1834 |
| Founded by | William N. Hood |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Miles Hewitt (R) |
| Area | |
• Total |
5.65 sq mi (14.64 km2) |
| • Land | 5.51 sq mi (14.27 km2) |
| • Water | 0.14 sq mi (0.36 km2) 1.35% |
Peru is a city in, and the county seat of, Miami County, Indiana, United States.[4] It is 79[convert: needs unit name] north of Indianapolis. The population was 11,417 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous city in Miami County.[5] Peru is located along the Wabash River, which divides the city in two. Peru is part of the Kokomo-Peru Combined Statistical Area.
Residents usually pronounce the name of Peru like the name of the nation of Peru as it is commonly pronounced in American English. Elderly Hoosiers commonly use the archaic pronunciation of /ˈpiːru/ PEE-roo.
History[]
Miami County courthouse
Peru High School
On August 18, 1827, Joseph Holman bought land near the confluence of the Mississinewa and Wabash Rivers from Jean Baptiste "Pechewa" (Wildcat) Drouet de Richardville, the chief of the Miami Indians. The sale was approved on March 3, 1828 by President John Quincy Adams. On March 12, 1829, Holman had the land surveyed and laid out into the town of Miamisport.[6]
Peru was founded in 1834 by William N. Hood, who had bought 210 acres (85 hectares) of land from Miamisport's founder Joseph Holman five years earlier.[7] By 1835, court was being held in Peru rather than Miamisport, and the name "Miamisport" quietly disappeared as Peru became the dominant community in the area.[6] Frances Slocum was reunited with members of her family near Peru in 1837, after nearly sixty years of captivity among Native Americans.
Early in the 20th century, Peru was home to a pioneering automobile maker, Model Automobile Company;[8] like many other early automobile manufacturers, Model did not survive.
In 1913, Peru suffered a massive flood, the worst of its time. Between March 24 and March 27, 6 inches (150 mm) of rain fell on Peru, and sent water from the Wabash and Mississinewa rivers rushing down its streets at speeds of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h), destroying everything in its path. Before the flood of 1913, Peru was a busy town, full of activity and jobs, with 15,000 inhabitants, 100 factories, a trolley service, railroads, a new hospital (Duke's), a circus (which employed 1000 people on the road), and a new concrete bridge (largest of its kind in the world at the time). The total loss for Peru was estimated at $3,000,000 (1913 figures). Many people died, as well as many of the circus animals.
Public enemy John Dillinger and his gang robbed the Peru police department armory on October 21, 1933. They acquired one Thompson submachine gun, two Winchester rifles, two shotguns, four .38 revolvers and a half-dozen bulletproof vests.
On June 23, 1972, Martin J. McNally hijacked American Airlines Flight 119 while in flight from St. Louis to Tulsa. After receiving a ransom of $502,500 he jumped out of the back of the Boeing 727 in what was the ninth copycat hijacking in the style of D. B. Cooper. The entire ransom as well as a weapon were found near Peru. A fingerprint led to his arrest.[9] The money was found in a 45-pound (20 kg) sealed canvas mail bag by local farmer Lowell Elliott while he was working in his soybean field. Another farmer, Ronald Miller, discovered a Spitfire submachine gun in his corn field when a blade hit it while applying liquid nitrogen fertilizer.[10]
The movie Little Big Top, which starred Sid Haig, was shot and directed in the town of Peru by Peru native Ward Roberts who also wrote the movie. Scenes show the famous drive up to the "Mr. Weenie" restaurant and the Circus building.
The Brownell Block/Senger Dry Goods Company Building, James Omar Cole House, Miami County Courthouse, Peru High School Historic District, and Shirk-Edwards House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[11]
Circuses[]
Peru was the winter headquarters for several famous circuses, including Ringling Brothers, Hagenbeck-Wallace, Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, and others.[12] The International Circus Hall of Fame is located in Peru. Annually during the third week of July, the Peru Amateur Circus[13] holds performances for the whole week, ending with the Circus City Festival and Parade. All of the performers are amateurs, ranging in age from 7 to 21 years. Peru is also the home of the world's only remaining manufacturer of steam calliopes.
Mariya Rasputina, daughter of Grigori Rasputin, was mauled by a bear in Peru while working for the Hagenback-Wallace Circus, but survived.[14]
Geography[]
Peru is located on the Wabash River.
According to the 2010 census, Peru has a total area of 5.173 square miles (13.40 km2), of which 5.1 square miles (13.21 km2) (or 98.59%) is land and 0.073 square miles (0.19 km2) (or 1.41%) is water.[15] Peru is the largest town or city in Miami County, and is the site of the tribal headquarters of the Miami Nation. Peru's water treatment plant tested negative for PFC in September 2015.[16]
Transportation[]
The business route of US Route 31 runs north–south through Peru. The business route of US Route 24 runs east–west through the town.
The town had been stop on Wabash Railroad trains between St. Louis and Detroit. The last train on that line was the Wabash Cannon Ball in 1971.[17][18] The last Amtrak service was in 1986 when the Chicago–Cincinnati–New York City Cardinal was rerouted out of the town.[19]
Peru Municipal Airport, operated by the city, is located approximately 5 miles to the northwest.[20]
Demographics[]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 1,266 | ||
| 1860 | 2,506 | 97.9% | |
| 1870 | 3,617 | 44.3% | |
| 1880 | 5,280 | 46.0% | |
| 1890 | 7,028 | 33.1% | |
| 1900 | 8,463 | 20.4% | |
| 1910 | 10,910 | 28.9% | |
| 1920 | 12,410 | 13.7% | |
| 1930 | 12,730 | 2.6% | |
| 1940 | 12,432 | −2.3% | |
| 1950 | 13,308 | 7.0% | |
| 1960 | 14,453 | 8.6% | |
| 1970 | 14,139 | −2.2% | |
| 1980 | 13,764 | −2.7% | |
| 1990 | 12,843 | −6.7% | |
| 2000 | 12,994 | 1.2% | |
| 2010 | 11,417 | −12.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[21] | |||
2010 census[]
As of the 2010 census,[22] there were 11,417 people, 4,791 households, and 2,961 families living in the city. The population density was 2,234.2 inhabitants per square mile (862.6 /km2). There were 5,704 housing units at an average density of 1,116.2 per square mile (431.0 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% White, 2.5% African American, 1.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population.
There were 4,791 households, of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.0% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.96.
The median age in the city was 39 years. 24.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 27% were from 45 to 64; and 15.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female.
2000 census[]
As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 12,994 people, 5,410 households, and 3,397 families living in the city. The population density was 2,815.5 people per square mile (1,085.9/km2). There were 5,943 housing units at an average density of 1,287.7 per square mile (496.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.71% White, 2.95% African American, 1.52% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, and 1.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.
There were 5,410 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.2% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,668, and the median income for a family was $39,440. Males had a median income of $31,631 versus $20,440 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,497. About 9.5% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.0% of those under age 18 and 5.9% of those age 65 or over.
Education[]
The city has a lending library, the Peru Public Library.[23]
Notable people[]
- Mary Newbury Adams, suffragist and education advocate[24]
- Richard Antrim, Medal of Honor recipient
- Alfred Bergman, former five sport letterman at Notre Dame who holds the NCAA kick return record and former second baseman for the Cleveland Indians.
- Arthur Bergman, football player and coach.
- Frank Fetter, economist
- Albert Fredrick Ottomar Germann (1886–1976) and Frank Erhart Emmanuel Germann (1887–1974), physical chemists.[25]
- Emmett Kelly, circus clown, Ringling Brothers Circus, International Circus Hall of Fame, actor
- Kyle Macy, former Purdue player, University of Kentucky All-America and former NBA player, former Morehead State University head coach; was raised in Peru and graduated from Peru High School
- Keith O'Conner Murphy, singer and songwriter, member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame; was born in Peru at what is now 31 Shields Avenue[26][27]
- Ole Olsen, comedian and member of Olsen and Johnson
- B. J. Penn, briefly served as United States Secretary of the Navy in 2009
- Cole Porter,[28] songwriter; was born in Peru, and buried at Mt. Hope Cemetery
- Ralph Richeson, actor best known for his portrayal of Richardson, the eccentric cook, on Deadwood[29]
- Emil Schram, president of New York Stock Exchange.
- G. David Thompson (1899–1965), investment banker, industrialist, and modern art collector[30]
- Robert Edward Weaver, artist, professor emeritus Herron School of Art, Indianapolis
- Nancy Wilson-Pajic, artist Paris, France. Named Knight of the order of arts and letters by the French ministry of culture.
- John Ross Woodring, newspaper editor
- Carol Lou Woodward, pianist
References[]
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov.
- ^ "Peru, Indiana". Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:441047. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx.
- ^ a b Bodurtha, Arthur L. (1914). History of Miami County, Indiana. Chicago and New York: The Lewis Publishing Company. http://history.rays-place.com/in/miami-peru-1.htm.
- ^ "History of Miami County (archived)". Miami County Tourism Office. http://enjoymiamicounty.org/history/.
- ^ Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925 (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), p.57.
- ^ O'Neil, Time. "A Look Back • Airline hijacking at Lambert in 1972 turns bizarre". St. Louis Post Dispatch. https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/article_1aac5de6-6eb4-5245-a126-7adf324d5eb2.html.
- ^ "The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search". https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19720627&id=oQoQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2YoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2757,602320.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2010-07-09. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html.
- ^ Adkins, Kreig A. Peru: Circus Capital of the World ISBN 9780738560717
- ^ "Peru Amateur Circus - The Circus Capital Of The World!". http://www.peruamateurcircus.com.
- ^ Barry, Rey (1968). ""Kind Rasputin"". "The Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Virginia, USA)". http://www.freewarehof.org/manahans.html. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
- ^ "G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1859328.
- ^ Associated Press (19 September 2015). "Grissom officials: Well tests show no chemical pollution". LIN Television Corporation. http://wishtv.com/2015/09/17/grissom-officials-well-tests-show-no-chemical-pollution/.
- ^ Wabash 1959 timetable, p. 4, 10 http://streamlinermemories.info/Eastern/Wabash59TT.pdf
- ^ Passenger trains operating on the eve of Amtrak http://ctr.trains.com/~/media/import/files/pdf/f/7/7/passenger_trains_operating_on_the_eve_of_amtrak.pdf
- ^ Schafer, Mike; Johnston, Bob; McKinney, Kevin (1991). All Aboard Amtrak. Piscataway, NJ: Railpace Co..
- ^ "Peru Municipal Airport". http://www.cityofperu.org/airport.html.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov.
- ^ "Indiana public library directory". Indiana State Library. https://www.in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf.
- ^ Knight, R. Cecilia. "Adams, Mary Newbury (or Newberry)". University of Iowa. http://uipress.lib.uiowa.edu/bdi/DetailsPage.aspx?id=3.
- ^ Fleck, George (2016). Parallel Lives: Two Hoosier Chemists from Peru. Williamsburg, Massachusetts: The Impress Group. pp. 1–62. ISBN 9781532326172.
- ^ Peru Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 30, 2012, Front Page.
- ^ "Keith O'Connor Murphy". Rockabillyhall.com. http://www.rockabillyhall.com/KeithOConnerMurphy.html.
- ^ "Cole Porter Is Dead; Songwriter Was 72". The New York Times. 1964. https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/29/specials/porter-obit.html?scp=1&sq=cole%20porter%20obit&st=cse.
- ^ Barnes, Mike (2015-10-28). "'Deadwood' Actor Ralph Richeson Dies at 63". The Hollywood Reporter. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ralph-richeson-dead-deadwood-actor-835086.
- ^ "Thompson, G. David". http://www.metmuseum.org/research/leonard-lauder-research-center/programs-and-resources/index-of-cubist-art-collectors/thompson.
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