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- He gained the title of Roi Robert I des Francs circa 29 June 922.
- King of West Francia (922-923)
- Count of Paris
- Count of Poitiers
Biography
Robert I of France, King of West Francia, Count of Paris, Count of Poitiers, was born 15 August 866 in Wormsgau, Germany to Robert IV the Strong (820-866) and Adelaide of Tours (820-866) and died 15 June 923 Soissons, Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France of unspecified causes. He married Aelis of France (c870-894) . He married Béatrice of Vermandois (c880-931) 896 JL in Paris, France.
Robert I (c. 866 – 15 June 923) was the elected King of West Francia from 922 to 923. Before his election to the throne he was Count of Poitiers, Count of Paris and Marquis of Neustria and Orléans. He succeeded the overthrown Carolingian king Charles the Simple, who in 898 had succeeded Robert's brother, king Odo.
Life
Robert was born in 866 as the posthumous child of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou and Adelaide of Tours.[1] He was the brother of Odo, who was elected king of West Francia in 888.[1] In time West Francia evolved into the Kingdom of France;[2] and under Odo, the royal capital was fixed in Paris. Robert and Odo came from the Robertian dynasty out of which the Capetian dynasty grew.[3]
In 885 Robert participated in the defence of Paris during the Viking siege of Paris.[4] He was appointed by Odo as the ruler of several counties, including the county of Paris, and abbot in commendam of many abbeys. Robert also secured the office of Dux Francorum, a military dignity of high importance.
He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; instead recognizing the supremacy of the Carolingian king, Charles the Simple. Charles then confirmed Robert in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of Vikings. Robert defeated a large band of Vikings in the Loire Valley in 921, after which the defeated invaders converted to Christianity and settled near Nantes.[5]
King
The peace between King Charles the Simple and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921 when Charles' favoritism towards Hagano aroused rebellion. Supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lotharingia, and was himself crowned king of the Franks (rex Francorum) at Rheims on 29 June 922.[6]
Robert's rule was contested by the Viking leader Rollo, who had settled in the Duchy of Normandy in 911 with the permission of Charles the Simple. During Robert's reign, Rollo remained loyal to Charles, who continued to contest his deposition.[7] Gathering an army, Charles marched against Robert, and on 15 June 923 at the Battle of Soissons Robert was killed. However, his army won the battle and Charles was captured.[8] Charles remained a captive until his death in 929. Robert was succeeded as king by his son-in-law Rudolph, Count of Burgundy, also known as Raoul.[9]
Family
1st Marriage: Aelis
Robert's first wife was Aelis of France (c870-894).[10]
Beatrice married Robert in 895 (roughly age 15) after Aelis/Adele du Maine died. Given that Adele de France was born also around 895, it is likely that the childbirth caused Robert's first wife's death. However, there are no records indicating much of anything about Aelis/Adele du Maine's life. Therefore, she was never Queen of France, merely the Duchess of France (wife of the Dux Francorum).
They had:
- Emma of France (894-934), married to Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy[1]
- Hildebranda of France (895-931) (AKA: Adela, Adelaide or Adelais), married Herbert II de Vermandois (884-943)[11]
2nd Marriage: Beatris of Vermandois
Robert married for the second time c. 890 to Béatrice of Vermandois (c880-931), daughter of Herbert I de Vermandois (c848-907) (a direct descent of Charlemagne).[12] Together they had:
- Hugh the Great (898-956), who was later dux Francorum.[1] Hugh was the father of King Hugh Capet.[1]
- Richilda of France (895-931) (??? No sources)
Children
Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
Emma of France (894-934) | 894 | 2 November 934 Paris, France | Rudolph de Bourgogne (?-936) |
Hildebranda of France (895-931) | 895 | 931 | Herbert II de Vermandois (884-943) |
Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
Hugh the Great (898-956) | 898 Paris, Ile-de-France, France | 16 June 956 Dourdan, Ile-de-France, France | Judith de Maine (bef900-925) Eadhilda of Wessex (-937) Hadwig von Sachsen (c917-959) Raingarde (c910-c965) |
Richilda of France (895-931) |
Siblings
Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
Odo of France (c860-898) | 860 | 898 | Théodrate of Troyes (868-903) |
Robert I of France (866-923) | 15 August 866 Wormsgau, Germany | 15 June 923 Soissons, Aisne, Hauts-de-France, France | Aelis of France (c870-894) Béatrice of Vermandois (c880-931) |
See Also
- Charlemagne Family Ancestry
- wikipedia:en:Robert I of France
- Robert I, Roi des Francs at thePeerage
- Capetian Kings - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
- Robert I, King of West France - Geni.com
- Robert I of West France at Find A Grave
- Bautier, Robert-Henri (1985). "Anne de Kiev, Reine de France, et la Politique Royale au XI e Siecle: Étude critique de la documentation". Revue des études slaves 57 (4): 539–564. DOI:10.3406/slave.1985.5520.
- Berkhofer, Robert F. (2004). Day of Reckoning: Power and Accountability in Medieval France. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- Bradbury, Jim (2007). The Capetians: kings of France, 987–1328. Hambledon Continuum.
- Collins, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000 (2 ed.). St. Martin's Press.
- Jones, Colin (2005). The Cambridge Illustrated History of France. Cambridge University Press.
- Riche, Pierre (1983). The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe. University of Pennsylvania Press.
- The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 916–966. University of Toronto Press. 2011.
- John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989). Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
- Marcellus Donald R. von Redlich, Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants, volume I (1941; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2002), page 63. Hereinafter cited as Pedigrees of Emperor Charlemagne, I.
- Roglo Geneweb Website, online <http://geneweb.inria.fr/roglo?lang=en>. Hereinafter cited as Roglo Geneweb Website.
References
- ^ a b c d e Riche 1983, p. table 4.
- ^ Jones 2005, p. 74.
- ^ Bradbury 2007, p. 34.
- ^ Berkhofer 2004, p. 29.
- ^ Collins 1999, p. 376-377.
- ^ Fanning & Bachrach 2011, p. 6-7.
- ^ Collins 1999, p. 376.
- ^ Fanning & Bachrach 2011, p. 7-8.
- ^ Collins 1999, p. 361.
- ^ Fanning & Bachrach 2011, p. 92.
- ^ Fanning & Bachrach 2011, p. 21,92.
- ^ Bautier 1985, p. 555.
Preceded by Charles the Simple |
King of West Francia 922–923 |
Succeeded by Rudolph |
Footnotes (including sources)
‡ General |
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