Rockland County, New York

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Rockland County, New York
Location in the state of New York (state)
New York's location in the U.S.
Founded	1798
Seat	New City
Largest city	New City
Area  - Total  - Land  - Water	199 sq mi (515 km²) 174 sq mi (451 km²) 25 sq mi (65 km²), 12.60%
Population  - (2020)  - Density	338,329 1,647/sq mi (636/km²)
Website	www.co.rockland.ny.us

The Tappan Zee Bridge, in a view looking toward Rockland.

Rockland County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York, 12 miles north-northwest of New York City. As of the 2020 census, the population was 338,329. The county seat is New City. The name comes from "rocky land," an early description of the area given by settlers. Rockland is New York's southernmost county west of the Hudson River. It is suburban in nature, with a considerable amount of scenic designated parkland.

Rockland County ranks 9th on the list of highest-income counties by median household income in the United States with $75,306 according to the 2004 census. It is served by area code 845.

History

The area that would become Rockland County was originally inhabited by Algonquian-speaking Native Americans, including Munsees, or Lenni Lenape.

In 1609, Henry Hudson, thinking he had found the legendary "Northwest Passage", sailed up the river that would one day bear his name and anchored near the area that is now Haverstraw before continuing to disillusionment at Albany.

The area was originally settled by the Dutch. A number of unique Dutch-style red sandstone houses still stand, and many placenames in the county reveal their Dutch origin.

When the Duke of York (who became King James II of England) established the first twelve counties of New York in 1683, present-day Rockland County was part of Orange County. Orangetown was created at the same time, originally encompassing all of modern Rockland County. Haverstraw was separated from Orangetown in 1719 and became a town in 1788; it included the present-day Clarkstown, Ramapo and Stony Point. Clarkstown and Ramapo became towns in 1791, followed by Stony Point in 1865. Rockland County was split from Orange County in 1798.

During the American Revolution, when control of the Hudson River was viewed by the British as strategic to dominating the American territories, Rockland saw skirmishes at Haverstraw, Nyack and Piermont, and significant military engagements at the Battle of Stony Point, where General "Mad" Anthony Wayne earned his nickname. George Washington had headquarters for a time at John Suffern's tavern, the later site of the village of Suffern.

British Major John André met with American traitor Benedict Arnold near Stony Point to buy the plans for the fortifications at West Point. André was captured with the plans in Tarrytown on his way back to the British lines; he was brought to Tappan for trial in the Tappan church, found guilty, hanged and buried nearby.

The American Industrial Revolution was supplied, in part, from forests and iron mines in Rockland County. Resource utilization extracted a heavy toll on the region, especially from lumbering and agriculture, since the poor, thin soils on hillsides were easily depleted. By the early 1900s development along the lower Hudson River had begun to destroy much of the area's natural beauty.

Many unsuccessful efforts were made to turn much of the Hudson Highlands into a forest preserve. However, when the State of New York tried to relocate Sing Sing Prison to Bear Mountain in 1909, some of the wealthy businessmen who had homes in the area, led by Union Pacific Railroad president E. H. Harriman, donated land as well as large sums of money for the purchase of properties in the area of Bear Mountain. Bear Mountain/Harriman State Park became a reality in 1910, and by 1914 it was estimated that more than a million people a year were coming to the park.

Law, government, and politics

New York politicians

All of Rockland County falls within the 17th Congressional District, along with central and western Westchester County. The district is represented by Congressman Mondaire Jones who alongside Ritchie Torres are the first black and openly gay members of congress.

County politicians

Rockland County House of Representative
Name	NYS House of Representatives	Party
Mondaire Jones	17th District	Democrat

The county of Rockland is represented in the New York State Senate as of 2021

Rockland County Senate Members
Name	NYS Senate	Party
Elijah Reichlin-Melnick	38th District	Democrat
James Skoufis	39th District	Democrat

Rockland County Assembly Members
Name	NYS Assembly	Party
Kenneth Zebrowski Jr.	96th District	Democrat
Michael Lawler	97th District	Republican

Rockland County government is led by a county executive. Republican Ed Day was first elected in 2013 and re-elected in 2017 & 2021. The previous county executive was Republican C. Scott Vanderhoef, who was re-elected in 2009 to his fifth four-year term. Day is the third county executive in Rockland history, with Vanderhoef having defeated the incumbent, John T. Grant (D), in 1993. Prior to 1985, Rockland County did not have a county executive. County Executive Day was sworn in for his second term on January 1, 2018.

Rockland County has a county legislature made up of 17 members, elected from single-member districts. The Chairman of the Legislature is Democrat Alden H. Wolfe. In the November 2019 election Republicans gained one seat, reducing the Democratic majority from 10–7 to 9–8. As of January 2020, the legislators are:

Rockland County Legislators
District	Legislator	Party	Area Represented
1	Douglas J. Jobson	Republican	Stony Point
2	Michael M. Grant	Democrat	West Haverstraw
3	Jay Hood Jr. Majority Leader	Democrat	Haverstraw
4	Itamar Yeger	Democrat	Wesley Hills
5	Lon M. Hofstein Minority Leader	Republican	New City
6	Alden H. Wolfe Chair	Democrat	Suffern
7	Philip Soskin Deputy Majority Leader	Democrat	Monsey
8	Toney L. Earl	Democrat	Hillcrest
9	Christopher J. Carey	Republican	Bardonia
10	Harriet D. Cornell	Democrat	West Nyack
11	Laurie A. Santulli	Republican	Congers
12	Charles J. Falciglia	Republican	Airmont
13	Aron B. Wieder	Democrat	Monsey
14	Aney Paul Vice Chair	Democrat	Nanuet
15	John W. McGowan	Republican	Pearl River
16	Vince D. Tyer Deputy Minority Leader	Republican	Pearl River
17	James Foley	Republican	Sparkill

Town governments

The five towns of Rockland County are led by town supervisors and town boards. The villages encompassed in the towns are led by mayors and village trustees.
As of the November 2021 elections, the town supervisors are:

Rockland County Town Supervisors
Town	Supervisor	Party
Clarkstown	George A. Hoehmann	Republican
Haverstraw	Howard T. Phillips Jr.	Democrat
Orangetown	Teresa M. Kenny	Republican
Ramapo	Michael Specht	Democrat
Stony Point	Jim Monaghan	Republican

County courts

There are three types of general trial courts in Rockland County: the New York Supreme Court, the County Court, and the Justice Courts. The Supreme Court is the trial level court of the New York State Unified Court System, which presents some confusion as the Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals in the federal system, as well as in most states (the Court of Appeals is the highest court in New York). The Supreme Court has broad authority over all categories of cases, both civil and criminal. Generally, the Supreme Court in Rockland County hears civil cases involving claims in excess of $25,000. While the Supreme Court has jurisdiction over criminal cases in most counties, this is handled by the County Courts. In Rockland, however, the Supreme Court does exercise jurisdiction over some criminal cases.

The County Court is inferior to the Supreme Court and is authorized to hear criminal cases that have occurred in the county as well as limited jurisdiction over civil cases. The County Court handles felony cases exclusively and shares jurisdiction with the town and village justice courts on misdemeanor cases and other minor offenses and violations. The County Court's jurisdiction on civil cases is limited to those involving less than $25,000.

Each of the towns and 15 of the villages have Justice Courts, which mostly hear routine traffic ticket cases, especially from the New York State Thruway and the Palisades Interstate Parkway. They also handle drunk driving charges, lower-level criminal misdemeanor matters, and occasionally perform arraignment on felonies (most felony proceedings are heard in County Court). These courts generally handle the highest volume of cases.

National politics

Like most of the Hudson Valley, Rockland County historically voted Republican but in recent years narrowly voted Democratic. Between 1892 and 1992, Rockland County only voted Democratic three times–Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide victory of 1964, Franklin Delano Roosevelt's landslide victory in 1936 (in which it was the only New York City suburb to vote Democratic), and Woodrow Wilson's first campaign in 1912. Rockland shifted Democratic in 1992, and has since voted Republican once, in 2004 for George W. Bush. Despite this shift, national elections have remained close in Rockland County as compared to neighboring Westchester County, which has witnessed dependable double-digit Democratic victories since the 1990s.

United States presidential election results for Rockland County, New York

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	73,186	48.56%	75,802	50.30%	1,714	1.14%
2016	60,911	45.09%	69,342	51.33%	4,834	3.58%
2012	57,428	46.07%	65,793	52.78%	1,424	1.14%
2008	61,752	46.71%	69,543	52.61%	898	0.68%
2004	65,130	49.63%	64,191	48.91%	1,910	1.46%
2000	48,441	39.51%	69,530	56.72%	4,619	3.77%
1996	40,395	35.99%	63,127	56.24%	8,719	7.77%
1992	49,608	40.72%	56,759	46.59%	15,464	12.69%
1988	63,825	56.83%	47,634	42.42%	842	0.75%
1984	70,020	60.88%	44,687	38.85%	311	0.27%
1980	59,068	56.26%	35,277	33.60%	10,648	10.14%
1976	52,087	51.30%	48,673	47.93%	780	0.77%
1972	64,753	64.29%	35,771	35.52%	196	0.19%
1968	40,880	49.07%	36,948	44.35%	5,479	6.58%
1964	26,187	36.15%	46,173	63.74%	82	0.11%
1960	33,107	54.81%	27,178	45.00%	113	0.19%
1956	34,049	71.04%	13,881	28.96%	0	0.00%
1952	27,657	64.39%	15,084	35.12%	212	0.49%
1948	20,661	57.83%	13,066	36.57%	2,001	5.60%
1944	19,471	59.00%	13,437	40.72%	91	0.28%
1940	20,040	56.77%	14,897	42.20%	362	1.03%
1936	15,583	48.56%	15,876	49.47%	631	1.97%
1932	13,963	49.90%	13,347	47.70%	672	2.40%
1928	15,732	60.34%	9,769	37.47%	571	2.19%
1924	11,915	60.92%	5,640	28.84%	2,004	10.25%
1920	11,169	66.10%	5,057	29.93%	671	3.97%
1916	5,041	52.19%	4,469	46.27%	149	1.54%
1912	2,221	24.55%	4,241	46.87%	2,586	28.58%
1908	4,857	52.64%	3,937	42.67%	433	4.69%
1904	4,283	48.99%	4,246	48.57%	213	2.44%
1900	4,187	50.16%	4,021	48.17%	139	1.67%
1896	4,336	56.95%	3,002	39.43%	276	3.62%
1892	2,909	41.01%	3,789	53.42%	395	5.57%
1888	3,013	41.83%	3,939	54.69%	251	3.48%
1884	2,593	40.26%	3,697	57.40%	151	2.34%

Geography

Pine Meadow Lake in Harriman State Park.

Rockland County lies just north of the New Jersey-New York border, west of the Hudson River, and south of Orange County.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 516 km² (199 sq mi). 451 km² (174 sq mi) of it is land and 65 km² (25 sq mi) of it (12.60%) is water. Approximately 30% of Rockland County is parkland.

The highest elevation in the county is Rockhouse Mountain, at 391 m (1,283 feet). However, nearby Jackie Jones Mountain also has a summit above 390 m (1,280 feet) whose exact elevation is not known and may well be higher.

The lowest elevation is sea level along the Hudson River.

Rockland is the smallest county in New York outside of New York City

Adjacent counties

• Orange County (northwest/north)
• Putnam County, across the Hudson River (northeast)
• Westchester County, across the Hudson River (east)
• Bergen County (south)
• Passaic County (west)

Rockland's borders with Putnam and Passaic counties are short, totalling little more than one mile.

Demographics

As of the census² of 2000, there were 286,753 people, 92,675 households, and 70,989 families residing in the county. The population density was 636/km² (1,646/sq mi). There were 94,973 housing units at an average density of 210/km² (545/sq mi). However, Rocklanders live closer together than the census numbers indicate, as 30 percent of the county is reserved as parkland. The racial makeup of the county was 76.91% White, 10.98% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 5.52% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.78% from other races, and 2.51% from two or more races. 10.18% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 9.17% reported speaking Spanish at home, 4.96% Yiddish, 4.33% French or a French-based creole, 1.45% Italian, 1.30% Tagalog, 1.25% Hebrew, and 1.01% Russian. Other languages spoken at home by at least 1000 people include Malayalam, Korean, Chinese, German, and Polish.[1]

The 2005 estimates show that Rockland county remains a diverse place. 69.2% of the population was grouped under the heading "non-Hispanic whites" but with such high numbers of speakers of such languages as Russian and Italian, this figure hid more than it revealed. The percentage of African-Americans had risen to 11.9. Native Americans were gaining ground now constituting 0.3% of the population. Asians continued to grow in their percentage of the county population, now making up 6.4% of the population. Latinos were now 12.2% of the population.

In 2000 there were 92,675 households out of which 37.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.80% were married couples living together, 10.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.40% were non-families. 19.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.47.

In the county the population was spread out with 28.00% under the age of 18, 7.90% from 18 to 24, 28.00% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 11.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $75,306, and the median income for a family was $86,624. Males had a median income of $58,214 versus $43,955 for females. The per capita income for the county was $31,680. The mean, or average, income for a family in Rockland County is $102,542 according to the 2004 census. About 6.30% of families and 9.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.30% of those under age 18 and 7.60% of those age 65 or over.

31.4% of Rockland residents are Jewish, the highest Jewish population per capita of any county in the United States. [2].The county is also home to several large Orthodox Jewish communities, especially in the hamlet of Monsey, and the villages of New Square, Kaser, New Hempstead, and Wesley Hills.

Communities in Rockland

County map, with town and village boundaries.

Hudson River and village of Nyack

Towns

There are five towns in Rockland County:

• Clarkstown (Pop. 82,082)
• Haverstraw (Pop. 33,811)
• Orangetown (Pop. 47,711)
• Ramapo (Pop. 108,905)
• Stony Point (Pop. 14,244)

Incorporated villages

There are nineteen incorporated villages in Rockland County, twelve of which are located at least partially in the town of Ramapo:

• Airmont (Town of Ramapo)
• Chestnut Ridge (Ramapo)
• Grand View-on-Hudson (Orangetown)
• Haverstraw (Haverstraw)
• Hillburn (Ramapo)
• Kaser (Ramapo)
• Montebello (Ramapo)
• New Hempstead (Ramapo)
• New Square (Ramapo)
• Nyack (Orangetown/Clarkstown)
• Piermont (Orangetown)
• Pomona (Haverstraw/Ramapo)
• Sloatsburg (Ramapo)
• South Nyack (Orangetown)
• Spring Valley (Ramapo/Clarkstown)
• Suffern (Ramapo)
• Upper Nyack (Clarkstown)
• Wesley Hills (Ramapo)
• West Haverstraw (Haverstraw)

There are no villages in the town of Stony Point.

Unincorporated hamlets

Rockland County has a number of unincorporated hamlets, including:

• Bardonia (Town of Clarkstown)
• Blauvelt (Orangetown)
• Central Nyack (Clarkstown)
• Congers (Clarkstown)
• Garnerville (Haverstraw)
• Grassy Point (Stony Point)
• Hillcrest (Ramapo)
• Jones Point (Stony Point)
• Ladentown (Ramapo)
• Monsey (Ramapo)
• Mount Ivy (Haverstraw)
• Nanuet (Clarkstown)
• New City (Clarkstown)
• Orangeburg (Orangetown)
• Palisades (Orangetown)
• Pearl River (Orangetown)
• Sparkill (Orangetown)
• Stony Point (Stony Point)
• Tappan (Orangetown)
• Thiells (Haverstraw)
• Tomkins Cove (Stony Point)
• Valley Cottage (Clarkstown)
• Viola (Ramapo)
• West Nyack (Clarkstown)
• Upper Grandview (Orangetown)

Historical settlements

• Doodletown (Town of Stony Point) in Harriman State Park is now a ghost town.

Communities of significant population

According to the 2000 census, these nine Rockland communities have a population exceeding 10,000 people:

1. New City, a hamlet of 34,038
2. Spring Valley, a village of 25,464
3. Nanuet, a hamlet of 16,707
4. Pearl River, a hamlet of 15,553
5. Monsey, a hamlet of 14,504
6. Stony Point, a hamlet of 11,744
7. Suffern, a village of 11,006
8. West Haverstraw, a village of 10,295
9. Haverstraw, a village of 10,117

Education

School Districts

There are 8 school districts in Rockland

• Clarkstown
• East Ramapo
• Nanuet Union Free
• North Rockland
• Nyack
• Pearl River
• Suffern Central (Formally Ramapo Central School District)
• South Orangetown

Post-Secondary Schools

• Alliance Theological Seminary-Alliance Graduate School of Counseling (See Nyack College)
• Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Palisades)
• Cornell Cooperative Extension (Thiells)
• Dominican College (Orangeburg)
• Empire State College (New City)
• Iona College (Pearl River)
• Long Island University (Orangeburg)
• NYU School of Social Work (Sparkill)
• Nyack College (Nyack)
• Rockland Community College (Ramapo)
• Rockland Teachers Center Institute (Garnerville)
• St. Thomas Aquinas College (Sparkill)
• Sunbridge College (Chestnut Ridge)
• Yeshiva Gedola Ohr Hatorah (Spring Valley)
• Yeshiva Shaarei Torah of Rockland (Suffern)

Hospitals in Rockland County

• Helen Hayes Hospital - Route 9W West Haverstraw 10993 845-786-4225 Toll Free: 1-888-70-REHAB (73422), TTY: 845-947-3187, FAX: 845-947-3097 - One of the country’s first physical rehabilitation facilities, recognized as a leader in rehabilitation medicine and research. For over 100 years, Helen Hayes Hospital helped restore function to individuals with catastrophic injuries and chronic disabling illnesses, enabling them to move on to active, productive, independent and fulfilling lives using state-of-the-art equipment and technology, making recovery a reality.

• Good Samaritan Hospital, 255 Lafayette Ave., Suffern 10901 (845) 368-5000, is a non-profit, 370-bed hospital providing emergency, medical, surgical, obstetrical / gynecological and acute care services to residents of Rockland and southern Orange Counties in New York; and northern Bergen County, New Jersey. The hospital also serves these communities as an Area Level II Trauma Center.

• Nyack Hospital, 160 North Midland Ave Nyack 10960. (845) 348-2000, is a 375-bed community acute care medical and surgical hospital located at

• Summit Park Hospital & Nursing Care Center, Pomona 10970. (845) 364-2700 (Daytime Phone), (845) 364-2910 (Night & Weekend).
• Health Care for the Disabled and Mental Health Community includes Jawonio the premiere resource for individuals with developmental disabilities, mental health challenges, and chronic medical conditions. 845.708.2000 in New City, NY

Twin/Sister cities

Rockland County has been paired with Huehuete, Nicaragua as its Sister City.

Additionally, the town of Ramapo is twinned with a number of cities.

Famous/Notable people from Rockland County

Maxwell Anderson Playwright; long time resident of South Mountain Road Christine Andreas Actress Vic Arnell Comedian Billy Baldwin Actor Stephen Baldwin Actor/producer Sandy Baron Comedienne Mikhail Baryshnikov Actor Harry Bellaver Actor Thomas Berger Writer Bill Boggs talk show host, stage performer, TV producer, journalist, won four Emmies Barry Bostwick Actor, lived until 2005 in a house once owned by Maxwell Anderson Lorraine Bracco Actress Keith Bulluck Tennessee Titans All Pro Linebacker Ellen Burstyn Actress Milton Caniff Cartoonist, creator of "Terry and the Pirates" and "Steve Canyon" Madeleine Carrol Actress Tom Chapin Singer/Musician Ina Claire Actress Myron Cohen Borscht Belt Comedian Chelle Cordero Writer Norman Corwin Radio Katherine Cornell Actress Joseph Cornell Artist John Costigan Artist/Illustrator Noel Coward Playwright Will Cunnane Major/Minor League pitcher. Arlene Dahl Actress Richard Daly Actor Tim Daly Actor Tyne Daly Actress Philip D’Antoni Producer Millia Davenport Scenic and Costume Designer Jonathan Demme Director Ryan Doyle Financial Analyst John Dos Passos Writer Charles Ellis Actor Maurice Evans Actor Freddie Feldman Award winning record producer John Flannagan Artist/Illustrator Betty Friedan Writer Jeremy Garelick Co-screenwriter of the hit film "The Breakup" Margalo Gilmore Actress Adam Grupper Broadway actor, "La Boheme", "The Wild Party" Morty Gunthy Comedian Fred Gwynne Actor Berta Hader Artist/Illustrator Elmer Stanley Hader Artist/Illustrator Marion Hargrove Writer *Alan Kirschenbaum Creator, "Yes" Rebekah Harkness Art Patron Valerie Harper Actress Helen Hayes Actress Maurice Heaton Artist/Illustrator Ben Hecht Playwright Pat Hingle Actor Rupert Holmes Composer Edward Hopper Artist/Illustrator John Houseman Actor, The Paper Chase William Hurt Actor Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones-- owned a home in New City while recording an LP Zita Johann Actress John Johnson Television Bill T. Jones Dancer Isley Brothers Singer/Musician Margot Kidder Actress Richard Kiley Actor Mike Killen Actor Ernie Kovacs Actor television entertainer

Audrey Landers Actress Judy Landers Actress Lotte Lenya lived on South Mountain Road with husband Kurt Weill until her death Victor Levin Writer, "Win a Date With Tad Hamilton!" (2004) Salvador Litvak Director, Writer, Producer, "When Do We Eat?" (2005) Dick Lord Comedian Charles MacArthur Playwright James MacArthur Actor James Maritato Professional Wrestler Bill Mauldin Cartoonist Tim McCann Director Guthrie McClintic Director Carson McCullers Writer Thomas Meehan Playwright Burgess Meredith Actor Mitch Miller Conductor Russell (Big Chief) Moore Singer/Musician Toni Morrison Writer Mary Mowbray-Clarke Artist/Illustrator - Designed Dutch Garden - New City Larry Mullen Jr Singer/Musician Bill Murray Actor Harry Nilson Singer/Musician Rosie O’Donnell Comedienne Al Pacino Actor Hayden Panettiere Actress Rollo Peters Actor Henry Varnum Poor Artist/Illustrator Jon Pousette-Dart Singer/Musician Pousette-Dart Band Richard Pousette-Dart Artist/Illustrator Tito Puente Singer/Musician Aidan Quinn Actor Hazard Reeves Cinerama Entrepreneur Ruth Reeves Artist/Illustrator Chita Rivera Actress Hugo Robus Artist/Illustrator Adam Rodriguez Detective Eric Delko from CBS's *Freddie Roman Comedian and Dean of the Friar's Club Casper Roos Actor Gilbert Rose Artist/Illustrator Sam Rosen Announcer for the New York Rangers and NFL on FOX Philip Rosenthal Executive Producer, "Everybody Loves Raymond" Herman Rosse Set Design Alan Ruck Actor Martha Ryther Artist/Illustrator Morley Safer Television correspondent and commentator Eddie Sauter Singer/Musician Chiz Schultz Producer Connie Selleca Actress Richard Shoberg Actor Ellen Simon Playwright William Sloane Publisher Kim Stanley Actor John Steinbeck Writer Harry Streep Dancer Elaine Stritch Actress Henry Le Tang Choreographer Mark Triscott Award winning microbiologist, responsible for several coagulation patents. John Van Druten Director Jon Voight Actor Mike Wallace Television Andre Watts Singer/Musician Lil' Wayne Rapper, lives on Halley Drive in Pomona Jimmy Webb Composer Kurt Weill lived in New City from time of naturalization until his death Randi Weingarten Current President, United Federation of Teachers Arnie Zane Dancer Adolph Zukor Founder of Paramount Pictures, donated land for Zukor Park

Additionally, singer-songwriter Regina Spektor produced a demo named "Rockland County", about staying with a relative in Rockland County after coming to America from Russia.

See also

• Rockland County Routes

External links

• Rockland County official website
• Rockland County at the Open Directory Project
• Rockland History
• Rockland County elected officials
• Early history summary of Rockland County
• Library Association of Rockland County Digital Collections
• Traffic Courts in Rockland County
• Rockland's College Campuses