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Shenandoah County, Virginia
Shenandoah County Courthouse, new
Shenandoah County Courthouse in Woodstock
Seal of Shenandoah County, Virginia
Seal
Map of Virginia highlighting Shenandoah County
Location in the state of Virginia
Map of the U.S
Virginia's location in the U.S.
Founded 1772
Named for Shenandoah River
Seat Woodstock
Largest town Strasburg
Area
 - Total
 - Land
 - Water

512 sq mi (1,326 km²)
509 sq mi (1,318 km²)
3.4 sq mi (9 km²), 0.7
Population
 - (2020)
 - Density

44,186
Congressional district 6th
Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Website www.shenandoahcountyva.us/

Shenandoah County (formerly Dunmore County) is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,186.[1] Its county seat is Woodstock.[2] It is part of the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia.

History[]

The Senedos, possibly an Iroquoian group, are thought to have occupied the area at one time, until they were said to have been slaughtered by the Catawba in the later 17th century. The name of both the Valley and of the County is most likely connected with this Native American group. It has also been attributed to General George Washington naming it in honor of John Skenandoa, an Oneida chief from New York who helped gain support of Oneida and Tuscarora warriors to aid the rebel colonists during the American Revolutionary War.

Colonial Governor Gooch formally purchased the entire Shenandoah Valley from the Six Nations of the Iroquois by the Treaty of Lancaster in 1744. The Iroquois controlled the valley as a hunting ground. European settlement had already begun by that time. During Pontiac's War (1763–1766), Shawnee attacks reached as far east as the current county.

Shenandoah County was established in 1772. It was originally named Dunmore County for Virginia Governor John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore. Woodstock was the county seat. Dunmore was Virginia's last royal governor, and was forced from office during the American Revolution. During the war, in 1778 rebels renamed the county as Shenandoah.

During the Civil War, the Battle of New Market took place May 15, 1864.

Geography[]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 512 square miles (1,330 km2), of which 509 square miles (1,320 km2) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2) (0.7%) is water.[3] The Fort Valley and western slopes of the Massanutten Mountain are located within the county.

Adjacent counties[]

National protected areas[]

  • Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park (part)
  • George Washington National Forest (part)

Transportation[]

2019-07-09 09 19 32 View south along Interstate 81 from the overpass for Virginia State Route 767 (Quicksburg Road) in Quicksburg, Shenandoah County, Virginia

I-81 southbound in Shenandoah County

Major highways[]

  • I-81 I-81
  • US 11 US 11
  • US 48 US 48
  • US 211 US 211
  • Virginia 42 SR 42
  • Virginia 55 SR 55
  • Virginia 211 SR 211
  • Virginia 263 SR 263

Demographics[]

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1790 10,510
1800 13,823 31.5%
1810 13,646 −1.3%
1820 18,926 38.7%
1830 19,750 4.4%
1840 11,618 −41.2%
1850 13,768 18.5%
1860 13,896 0.9%
1870 14,936 7.5%
1880 18,204 21.9%
1890 19,671 8.1%
1900 20,253 3.0%
1910 20,942 3.4%
1920 20,808 −0.6%
1930 20,655 −0.7%
1940 20,898 1.2%
1950 21,169 1.3%
1960 21,825 3.1%
1970 22,852 4.7%
1980 27,559 20.6%
1990 31,636 14.8%
2000 35,075 10.9%
2010 41,993 19.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[4]
1790–1960[5] 1900–1990[6]
1990–2000[7] 2010[8] 2020[9]

2020 census[]

Shenandoah County, Virginia - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[8] Pop 2020[9] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 37,886 37,304 90.22% 84.42%
Black or African American alone (NH) 699 1,031 1.66% 2.33%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 71 84 0.17% 0.19%
Asian alone (NH) 210 344 0.50% 0.78%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 6 8 0.01% 0.02%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 28 149 0.07% 0.34%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 516 1,540 1.23% 3.49%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2,577 3,726 6.14% 8.43%
Total 41,993 44,186 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 Census[]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 41,993 people living in the county. 93.0% were White, 1.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 2.8% of some other race and 1.6% of two or more races. 6.1% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 26.4% were of American, 22.0% German, 10.3% English and 7.6% Irish ancestry.[10]

As of the census[11] of 2000, there were 35,075 people, 14,296 households, and 10,064 families living in the county. The population density was 68 people per square mile (26/km2). There were 16,709 housing units at an average density of 33 per square mile (13/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 95.60% White, 1.17% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.79% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. 3.40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 14,296 households, out of which 28.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.00% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.60% were non-families. 25.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.86.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.30% under the age of 18, 6.60% from 18 to 24, 27.60% from 25 to 44, 26.20% from 45 to 64, and 17.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 94.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $39,173, and the median income for a family was $45,080. Males had a median income of $29,952 versus $22,312 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,755. About 5.80% of families and 8.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.10% of those under age 18 and 8.80% of those age 65 or over.

Education[]

Private[]

Secondary institutions[]

  • Shenandoah Valley Academy
  • Massanutten Military Academy

Primary institutions[]

  • Shenandoah Valley Adventist Elementary School
  • Valley Baptist Christian School

Public[]

High schools[]

  • Mountain View High School
  • Strasburg High School
  • Central High School

Elementary and middle schools[]

  • W.W. Robinson Elementary School
  • Peter Muhlenberg Middle School
  • Honey Run Elementary School
  • North Fork Middle School
  • Sandy Hook Elementary School
  • Signal Knob Middle School

Other[]

  • Triplett Tech
  • Massanutten Regional Governor's School

Communities[]

Towns[]

  • Edinburg (pop. 1,041)
  • Mount Jackson (pop. 1,994)
  • New Market (pop. 2,146)
  • Strasburg (pop. 6,398)
  • Toms Brook (pop. 258)
  • Woodstock (pop. 5,097)

Census-designated places[]

  • Basye (pop. 1,253)
  • Maurertown (pop. 770)
  • Mount Clifton (pop. 110)[12]

Other unincorporated communities[]

  • Alonzaville
  • Bowmans Crossing
  • Calvary
  • Carmel
  • Clary
  • Columbia Furnace
  • Conicville
  • Detrick
  • Fishers Hill
  • Forestville
  • Hamburg
  • Hawkinstown
  • Lebanon Church
  • Mount Olive
  • Oranda
  • Orkney Springs
  • Quicksburg
  • Saint Luke
  • Saumsville
  • Wheatfield
  • Zepp

Politics[]

Politically, Shenandoah County is a massive outlier in Virginia. It is one of the most Republican counties in Virginia, a trend that predates the rest of western Virginia moving away from the Democratic Party. It was first won by a Republican Presidential nominee in 1896, and has voted Republican in every presidential election since 1936, and in all but one election since 1920. Nearly solidly Democratic before 1900, the county began voting Republican in statewide elections around the beginning of the 20th century but was a swing county. In the 1920s it became solidly Republican at a statewide level, with the exception of Democratic local hero Harry F. Byrd and his son. This early swing to the GOP came from the county’s rural voters being overwhelmingly German American Republicans, which overpowered the conservative Southern Democrat vote in the county population centers of New Market, Woodstock, and Strasburg. As well as the Virginia constitutional convention of 1902, which was vehemently opposed by the counties of western Virginia due to the disenfranchisement of the many poor whites of the region. The once strong Democratic county turned Republican, due to the convention, which, according to the Shenandoah Herald, was the “…death knell of the democratic party in the valley counties.”[13] The Democrats of the county were of the Jacksonian, small government stock; leading them to vote Republican after the perceived injustice by the state convention in the creation of a new constitution,[14] which was not ratified by popular vote. It should also be noted that the county briefly returned to its Southern Democrat roots at the state level during the civil rights movement.[15][16][17]

Additionally, in 1856, Shenandoah County was the only county in Virginia to record votes in favor of the Republican Candidate, John C. Frémont.

United States presidential election results for Shenandoah County, Virginia[18]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 16,463 69.51% 6,836 28.86% 385 1.63%
2016 14,094 68.72% 5,273 25.71% 1,141 5.56%
2012 12,538 64.72% 6,469 33.39% 366 1.89%
2008 12,005 62.45% 6,912 35.96% 306 1.59%
2004 11,820 68.94% 5,186 30.25% 140 0.82%
2000 9,636 66.68% 4,420 30.58% 396 2.74%
1996 7,440 56.02% 4,224 31.81% 1,616 12.17%
1992 7,746 55.74% 3,956 28.47% 2,194 15.79%
1988 8,612 71.74% 3,276 27.29% 116 0.97%
1984 9,048 76.03% 2,771 23.29% 81 0.68%
1980 7,517 67.10% 3,137 28.00% 549 4.90%
1976 6,296 64.05% 3,364 34.22% 170 1.73%
1972 7,128 82.46% 1,422 16.45% 94 1.09%
1968 5,461 62.91% 1,654 19.05% 1,566 18.04%
1964 3,981 55.54% 3,184 44.42% 3 0.04%
1960 4,144 66.85% 2,053 33.12% 2 0.03%
1956 4,164 69.18% 1,769 29.39% 86 1.43%
1952 4,284 71.12% 1,734 28.78% 6 0.10%
1948 3,349 64.65% 1,603 30.95% 228 4.40%
1944 3,517 64.12% 1,962 35.77% 6 0.11%
1940 3,527 58.87% 2,450 40.89% 14 0.23%
1936 3,152 52.29% 2,861 47.46% 15 0.25%
1932 2,514 48.19% 2,635 50.51% 68 1.30%
1928 3,420 68.28% 1,589 31.72% 0 0.00%
1924 2,214 48.80% 2,186 48.18% 137 3.02%
1920 2,683 56.05% 2,077 43.39% 27 0.56%
1916 1,425 48.70% 1,440 49.21% 61 2.08%
1912 706 27.61% 1,336 52.25% 515 20.14%
1908 1,449 52.31% 1,294 46.71% 27 0.97%
1904 1,189 51.32% 1,098 47.39% 30 1.29%
1900 1,862 48.09% 1,965 50.75% 45 1.16%
1896 2,102 49.44% 2,052 48.26% 98 2.30%
1892 1,705 40.26% 2,315 54.66% 215 5.08%
1888 2,063 48.44% 2,164 50.81% 32 0.75%
1884 1,872 48.65% 1,976 51.35% 0 0.00%
1880 350 11.23% 2,768 88.77% 0 0.00%



See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Shenandoah County, Virginia". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US51171. Retrieved January 30, 2022. 
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. 
  3. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html. 
  4. ^ "Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000". US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html. 
  5. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu. 
  6. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt. 
  7. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf. 
  8. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Shenandoah County, Virginia". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US51171&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2. 
  9. ^ a b "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Shenandoah County, Virginia". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US51171&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2. 
  10. ^ "American FactFinder"
  11. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov. 
  12. ^ "Explore Census Data". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US5153832. 
  13. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1901-11-08). "Shenandoah herald. [volume (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, November 08, 1901, Image 2"]. ISSN 2333-7788. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85026941/1901-11-08/ed-1/seq-2/. 
  14. ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (1901-11-08). "Shenandoah herald. [volume (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, November 08, 1901, Image 2"]. ISSN 2333-7788. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85026941/1901-11-08/ed-1/seq-2/. 
  15. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Search Elections" (in en-US). https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/elections/search/year_from:1916/year_to:2020/office_id:6. 
  16. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Search Elections" (in en-US). https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/elections/search/year_from:1916/year_to:2020/office_id:3. 
  17. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Search Elections" (in en-US). https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/elections/search/year_from:1789/year_to:2020/office_id:5/district_id:27260. 
  18. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS. 
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Coordinates: 38°52′N 78°34′W / 38.86, -78.57


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