Smolensk Rayon Смоленский район (Russian) | |
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![]() Location of Smolensk Rayon in Smolensk Oblast | |
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Location | |
Country | Russia |
Federal subject | Smolensk Oblast[1] |
Administrative structure (as of July 2013) | |
Administrative center | city of Smolensk[1] |
Administrative divisions:[1] | |
Rural settlements | 19 |
Inhabited localities:[1] | |
Rural localities | 420 |
Municipal structure (as of April 2006) | |
Municipally incorporated as | Smolensky Municipal Rayon[2] |
Municipal divisions:[2] | |
Urban settlements | 0 |
Rural settlements | 19 |
Statistics | |
Area (administrative district) (August 2012) | 2,494.98 km2 (963.32 sq mi)[1] |
Population (2010 Census) | 44,964 inhabitants[3] |
- Urban | 0% |
- Rural | 100% |
Density | 18.02 /km2 (46.7 /sq mi)[4] |
Time zone | MSK (UTC+04:00)[5] |
Established | 1930[6] |
Official website |
Smolensky District (Russian: Смоле́нский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[2] rayon (district), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast and borders with Demidov Rayon in the north, Dukhovshchina Rayon in the northeast, Kardymovo Rayon in the east, Pochinok Rayon in the south, Monastyrshchina Rayon in the southwest, Krasnyi Rayon in the west, and with Rudnya Rayon in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,494.98 square kilometers (963.32 sq mi).[1] Its administrative center is the city of Smolensk (which is not administratively a part of the district).[1] Population: 44,964 (2010 Census);[3] 47,281 (2002 Census);[7] 50,620 (1989 Census).[8]
Geography[]

A lake by the village of Nagat.
The district is split between the drainage basins of the Dnieper and the Daugava. The rivers in the northern part of the district flow into the Kasplya River, a left tributary of the Daugava. The Kasplya River has its source in the district. The Dnieper crosses the district from east to west. The southern part of the district belongs to the drainage basin of the Sozh River, a major left tributary of the Dnieper.
History[]
The area was continuously populated since prehistory due to the trading route along the Dnieper. Since the 9th century, it was always attached to the city of Smolensk. The first settlement in the area, the selo of Dresna, was mentioned in chronicles under 1136; the selo of Kasplya was mentioned under 1150.[9] In 1580, after the Livonian War, the area was transferred to Poland. In 1667, according to the Truce of Andrusovo, it was transferred back to Russia.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Smolensk Governorate and remained there until 1929, with the exception of the brief period between 1775 and 1796, when Smolensk Governorate was transformed into Smolensk Viceroyalty. The area was split between Dukhovshchinsky, Krasninsky, Porechsky, and Smolensky Uyezds.[6]
On 12 July 1929, governorates and uyezds were abolished, and three rayons were established in the area: Grinyovsky, Kardymovo, and Katyn Rayons. All three district had their administrative center in the city of Smolensk and belonged to Smolensk Okrug of Western Oblast.[10] On August 1, 1930 the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were subordinated directly to the oblast. In 1930 these three rayons were merged into newly established Smolensk Rayon with the administrative center in Smolensk.[6] On 27 September 1937 Western Oblast was abolished and split between Oryol and Smolensk Oblasts. Smolensk Rayon was transferred to Smolensk Oblast. Between 1941 and 1943, during WWII, the rayon was occupied by German troops.
Kardymovo Rayon was restored in 1935 and abolished again in 1963, during the abortive Khrushchyov administrative reform, and split between Smolensk and Yartsev Rayons. In 1977, it was re-established. Similarly, in 1963 Kransyi Rayon was abolished and merged into Smolensk Rayon. It was re-established in 1965.[6]
On 12 July 1929, Kasplya Rayon with the administrative center in the village of Kasplya was established. It belonged to Smolensk Okrug of Western Oblast. In 1932 it was abolished and split between Demidov, Dukhovshchina, Rudnya and Smolensk Rayons. In 1938, Kasplya Rayon was re-established, and in 1961, it was abolished again and merged into Smolensk Rayon.[6]
Administrative and municipal status[]
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Smolensk Rayon is one of the twenty-five in the oblast.[1] The city of Smolensk serves as its administrative center, despite being incorporated separately as an urban okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1]
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as Smolensk Municipal Rayon.[2] Smolensk Urban Okrug is incorporated separately from the district[11]
Economy[]
Industry[]
There are no big industrial enterprises in the district. Small enterprises are involved into food and construction industries.[12]
Agriculture[]
The main agricultural specializations in the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production; production of pork, poultry, and eggs, and crops growing.[13]
Transportation[]
The city of Smolensk is fully surrounded by Smolensk Rayon, and all communications to Smolensk run through the district.
The railway connecting Moscow and Minsk runs through the district passing Smolensk. In Smolensk, another railway to Vitebsk and further with Daugavpils via Rudnya branches off north-west. East of Smolensk, two more railway lines branch off: One runs south to Bryansk via Roslavl, and another onr runs north to Prechistoye. The railway line to Prechistoye does not have passenger traffic, all other lines do.
The M1 highway connecting Moscow with the state border between Russia and Belarus crosses the district from east to west bypassing Smolensk from the north. The R133 highway to Demidov, Velizh, and Nevel branches off north in Olsha. The R120 highway continues north to Rudnya and further across the border to Vitebsk, and south to Roslavl and Bryansk. The R135 highway runs from Smolensk to the southwest to Krasnyi Rayon and continues across the border to Orsha.
Culture and recreation[]

The Church of the Holy Spirit in Talashkino
The district contains 30 cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally 174 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federally protected monuments are a park in the selo of Talashkino, an estate in the selo of Syrokorenskiye Lipki, as well as a number of archaeological sites.Template:RKN base
In Katyn, just west of the city of Smolensk, thousands of Polish officers were executed in 1940 by the Soviet regime. The cite currently features a memorial, built around the Katyn war cemetery, and a museum.[14]
In Talashkino, Mariya Tenisheva opened in the end of the 19th century an artisan center, where local people were employed. Most of the buildings of the estate have been lost. Those which survived, including the Church of the Holy Spirit and the fairy-tale reconstruction by Sergey Malyutin, currently host a museum.[15]
References[]
Notes[]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Resolution #261
- ^ a b c d Law #135-z
- ^ a b "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1)]" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ^ a b c d e Борис Парфенов; Ольга Хоренженкова. "К истории формирования Смоленской области" (in Russian). Смоленск. http://www.journalsmolensk.ru/arhiv/12_124_10/14/14.PHP. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
- ^ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ "Историческая справка" (in Russian). Smolensk Rayon Administration. http://smol-ray.ru/ray/istoriya/. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ "Постановление от 17 июня 1929 года О составе округов и районов Западной области и их центрах" (in Russian). All-Russia Central Executive Committee. 17 June 1929. http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=ESU;n=32926#0. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
- ^ Decision #164
- ^ "Промышленность" (in Russian). Smolendky District Administration. http://smol-ray.ru/promyshlennost/. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
- ^ "Итоги работы сельхозпредприятий" (in Russian). Smolensk District Administration. http://smol-ray.ru/omsu/adm/sruct-podr/uprsh/itogi-raboty-selhozpredpriyatij/. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
- ^ "Мемориальный комплекс "Катынь"" (in Russian). Museum.ru. http://museum.ru/M2622. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
- ^ "Историко-архитектурный комплекс Теремок" (in Russian). Смоленский государственный музей-заповедник. http://www.smolensk-museum.ru/catalog/teremok/. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
Sources[]
- Template:RussiaAdmMunRef/smo/admlist
- Template:RussiaAdmMunRef/smo/munlist/smolensky
- Template:RussiaBasicLawRef/smo/smolensk
Template:Smolensk Oblast
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