Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich of Kiev, Grand Prince of Kiev, Prince of Polotsk, Princes of Turov and Pinsk, Prince of Novgorod, was born 8 November 1050 to Izyaslav I Yaroslavich of Kiev (1024-1078) and Gertrude of Poland (c1025-1108) and died 16 April 1113 Vyshgorod of unspecified causes. He married Daughter of Bohemia (c1060-c1093) . He married Olena of Kipchak (c1070-c1125) 1094 JL .
| Svyatopolk II | |
|---|---|
| Grand Prince of Kiev
| |
| Reign | 1093–1113 |
| Predecessor | Vsevolod I Yaroslavich |
| Successor | Vladimir II Monomakh |
| Reign | 1078–1088 |
| Reign | 1088–1093 |
| Spouse | Daughter of Bohemia (c1060-c1093) Olena of Kipchak (c1070-c1125) |
| Issue | |
| Out of wedlock: Mstislav With the first: Anna | |
| Full name | |
| Svyatopolk Izyaslavovich (Mikhail) | |
| Dynasty | Rurikid |
| Father | Izyaslav I |
Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich (1050 – April 16, 1113), Prince of Polotsk (1069-1071), Novgorod (1078-1088), Turov (1088-1093), Grand Prince of Kiev (1093—1113) was supreme ruler of the Kievan Rus' for 20 years, from 1093 to 1113. He was not a popular prince, and his reign was marked by incessant rivalry with his cousin Vladimir Monomakh. Upon his death the Kievan citizens raised a rebellion against the Jewish merchants and Varangian officials who speculated in grain and salt.
Early life
Svyatopolk was the son of Izyaslav Yaroslavich by his concubine. Svyatopolk's Christian name was Michael. During his brother Yaropolk's life, Svyatopolk was not regarded as a potential claimant to the Kievan throne. In 1069 he was sent to Polotsk, a city briefly taken by his father from the local ruler Vseslav, and then he spent ten years (1078–88) ruling Novgorod. Upon his brother's death he succeeded him in Turov, which would remain in possession of his descendants until the 17th century.
Reign
Mosaic of St. Demetrius was installed by Svyatopolk in the Kievan St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery to glorify the patron saint of his father.
When Vsevolod Iaroslavich died in 1093, Svyatopolk was acknowledged by other princes as the senior son of the Veliki Knyaz and permitted to ascend the Kievan throne. Although he participated in the princely congresses organized by Vladimir Monomakh, he is sometimes charged with encouraging internecine wars among Rurikid princes. For instance, he sided with his cousin David Igorevich of Volhynia and his son-in-law Bolesław III Wrymouth in capturing and blinding one of the Galician princes.[1] He also sided with Vladimir Monomakh in several campaigns against the Kypchaks but was defeated in the Battle of the Stugna River (1093) (1093).[2] Later that year, Sviatopolk would face the Kypchaks again, and again be defeated.[2] Whereupon the Kypchaks destroyed Torchesk, an Oghuz Turk settlement.[2] In 1096, in an attempt to force Oleg I of Chernigov into a Rus compact, Svyatopolk left his lands undefended.[3] His father-in-law, Tugorkhan raided Pereyaslavl, while Bonyak raided as far as Kiev, destroying Berestovo and sacking the three monasteries of Klov, Vydubichi, and the Caves.[3] Tugorkhan would be killed during his raid on Pereyaslavl, consequently Svyatopolk would have him buried in Kiev.[4]
Svyatopolk's Christian name was Michael, so he encouraged the embellishment of St Michael's Abbey in Kiev, which has been known as the Golden-Roofed up to the present. The history now known as the Primary Chronicle was compiled by the Nestor the Chronicler during Svyatopolk's reign.
Marriage and children
Svyatopolk first married a Bohemian princess of the (Přemyslid dynasty), probably a daughter of Duke Spytihněv II. They had four children:
- Anna
- Zbyslava, married to king Boleslaw III of Poland on November 15, 1102.
- Predslava, married to Prince Álmos of Hungary on August 21, 1104. Her fate is less known.
- Yaroslav (died 1123), Prince of Volhynia and Turov was married three times - to Hungarian, Polish Sophia (daughter of Władysław I Herman and his second wife Judith of Swabia), and Kievan princesses. Due to Yaroslav's early death, his descendants forfeited any right to the Kievan throne and had to content themselves with Turov and Pinsk.
Secondly, in 1094 Svyatopolk married a daughter of Tugorkhan of the Kypchaks, Olena.[5] They had four children:
- Mariya, married Piotr Włostowic (c1080-1153), castellan of Wroclaw and Polish palatine.
- Bryachislav (1104–1127), possibly dethroned Yaroslav as Prince of Turov and Pinsk (1118–1123) in 1118.
- Izyaslav (died 1127), possibly the Prince of Turov in 1123.
Genealogical reference books mention the daughter of Svyatopolk, Anna [6] married to Svyatoslav Davydovich from Chernigov who turned into a monk after her death and later became Saint Nikolai Svyatosha. Svyatoslav Davydovich really had a wife, Anna, but it is nowhere else mentioned that she was the daughter of Svyatopolk Izyaslavich [7][8].
Some sources claim that Svyatopolk married for third time a certain Barbara Komnena daughter of byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. This assumption has been considered fictitious by most historians[9]
Some sources claim that Svyatopolk used to have a son out of wedlock son Mstislav who ruled Novhorod-Siversky in 1095–1097 and later Volhynia (1097–1099). It seems that he later was murdered in Vladimir-Volynsky.
See also
- List of Ukrainian rulers
- List of Russian rulers
Footnotes
- ^ Vernadsky 1976, p. 90.
- ^ a b c Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272.
- ^ a b Franklin & Shepard 2013, p. 272-273.
- ^ Raffensperger 2012, p. 78-79.
- ^ Dmytryshyn 2000, p. 61.
- ^ {{Войтович Л. - Княжеские династии Восточной Европы Ізяславичі. Турово-Пінські князі. Четвертинські. Сокольські}}
- ^ Назаренко А. В. (2009). Мoscow: Русский Фонд Содействия Образованию и Науке. pp. 152.
- ^ Литвина А. Ф., Успенский Ф. Б. (2012). "Внутридинастические браки между троюродными братьями и сестрами в домонгольской Руси". Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики (3 (49)): 45—68.
- ^ Vernadsky 1976, p. 351.
References
- Dmytryshyn, Basil (2000). Medieval Russia: A Source Book, 850-1700. Academic International Press.
- Franklin, Simon; Shepard, Jonathan (2013). The Emergence of Rus 750-1200. Routledge.
- Raffensperger, Christian (2012). Reimagining Europe. Harvard University Press.
- Vernadsky, George (1976). Kievan Russia. Yale University Press.
External links
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Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Anna Svyatopolkovna of Kiev (c1082-1136) | Svyatoslav Davydovich of Chernigov (c1080-1143) | ||
| Predslava Svyatopolkovna of Kiev (c1085-aft1110) | 1085 | 1110 | Álmos of Hungary (c1070-1127) |
| Zbyslava Svyatopolkovna of Kiev (c1087-c1112) | 1087 | 1112 | Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland (1086-1138) |
| Yaroslav Svyatopolchich of Volhynia (c1091-1123) | 1091 | May 1123 Vladimir-Volynsky, Volodymyr-Volynskyi Rayon, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine | Daughter of Hungary (c1083-c1130) Sophia of Poland (c1089-c1112) Rogneda Mstislavna of Kiev (c1112-c1159) |
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Mariya Svyatopolkovna of Kiev (c1102-c1150) | |||
| Bryachislav Svyatopolkovich of Turov (1104-1123) | 1104 | 28 March 1123 | |
| Izyaslav Svyatopolkovich of Turov (c1106-1127) | 1106 Kiev, Ukraine | 23 December 1127 | |
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Mstislav Svyatopolchich of Novgorod (c1075-1099) | 1075 | ||
Siblings
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Yaropolk Izyaslavich of Kiev (c1044-1087) | 1044 | 1087 | Kunigunde von Weimar (1055-1140) Unknown concubine |
| Mstislav Izyaslavich of Novgorod (c1046-1069) | 1046 | 1069 | Nomen nescio |
| Eupraxia of Kiev (c1048-c1095) | 1048 | 1095 | Mieszko of Poland (c1069-1089) |
| Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich of Kiev (1050-1113) | 8 November 1050 | 16 April 1113 Vyshgorod | Daughter of Bohemia (c1060-c1093) Olena of Kipchak (c1070-c1125) NN |
Residences
Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich Rurik Dynasty Born: 8 Nov 1050 Died: 16 Apr 1113
| ||
| Preceded by Gleb Svyatoslavich |
Prince of Novgorod 1078–1088 |
Succeeded by Mstislav Vladimirovich |
| Preceded by Yaropolk Izyaslavich |
Prince of Turov and Pinsk 1088–1093 |
Succeeded by Vyacheslav Yaropolkovich |
| Preceded by Vseslav Bryachislavich |
Prince of Polotsk with Vseslav Bryachislavich and Mstislav Izyaslavich 1069 |
Succeeded by Vseslav Bryachislavich Svyatopolk I Izyaslavich |
| Preceded by Vseslav Bryachislavich Svyatopolk I Izyaslavich Mstislav Izyaslavich |
Prince of Polotsk with Vseslav Bryachislavich 1069-1071 |
Succeeded by Vseslav Bryachislavich |
| Preceded by Vsevolod I Yaroslavich |
Grand Prince of Kiev 1093–1113 |
Succeeded by Vladimir Monomakh |
Footnotes (including sources)
Warning: Default sort key "Svyatopolk Izyaslavich of Kiev" overrides earlier default sort key "Rurik, Svyatopolk Izyaslavich".