Svyatoslav Olgovich of Chernigov, Prince of Novgorod, Prince of Kursk, Prince of Putivl, Prince of Starodub and Belgorod, Prince of Novgorod-Seversky, Prince of Turov and Pinsk, Prince of Chernigov, was born circa 1108 to Oleg I Svyatoslavich of Chernigov (c1053-1115) and Daughter of Osaluka-Khan and died 1164 of unspecified causes. He married Yekaterina of Novgorod (c1115-c1170) .
Svyatoslav Olgovich (Святослав Ольгович in Russian) (d.February 14,1164), (baptized Nikolai [1] 1106/1107[2] ) Prince of Novgorod (1136–1138, 1140-1141) Prince of Kursk (1138-1139), Prince of Belgorod Kievsky (1141–1146), Prince of Novgorod-Seversky (1146-1157). Prince of Turov (1149-1151), Prince of Putivl (c1150-1164) and Prince of Chernigov (1154–1164). Son of Oleg Svyatoslavich (Gorislavich), Prince of Chernigov with an unnamed daughter of Asaduk, Khan of the Polovtsians.
When the Prince of Novgorod Vsevolod Mstislavich with the support of the posadnik of Novgorod Konstantin Mikulchich returned to Novgorod, then in 1136 a rebellion broke out in the city: the prince was reminded that he wanted to exchange Novgorod for Pereyaslavl, and that he fled from the battlefield during the battle of the Zhdana Mountain against Suzdal, and the Novgorodians, summoning the help of Pskov, drove him out, keeping Vsevolod in the episcopal court with his wife, children and his mother, guarded by 30 men for two months. and asked the prince of Chernigov to Vsevolod Olgovich to take over. Vsevolod Olgovich sent his younger brother Svyatoslav instead [3]. It is noteworthy that the Principality of Novgorod was for the first time occupied by a representative of the princely group, openly opposed to Kiev. The expulsion of Vsevolod was considered by historian B.D. Grekov as "a revolution in Novgorod XII century" in 1929 in an article bearing a very characteristic name for the time "Revolution in Novgorod the Great in the XII century." This event was called the beginning of the Novgorod Republic.
Soon Svyatoslav married in Novgorod (according to V.N. Tatishchev), the daughter of the Novgorod posadnik Petrila. As the Bishop of Novgorod Nifont refused to marry them [3], they were married by their own priests in the Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. In order to reconcile with Nifont, Svyatoslav renewed the ancient rule instituted by Vladimir Svyatoslavich, deciding the bishop should take instead a grant of 100 hryvnia from the princely treasury.[4].
In the same year, Svyatoslav was almost killed by Vsevolod Mstislavich's supporters and posadnik Konstantin went (in 1137) [3] to Vyshgorod to Vsevolod Mstislavich and persuaded him to go to Pskov. The Pskovites accepted Vsevolod Mstislavich as their prince, but when the Novgorodians learned that he had become Prince of Pskov and wanted to take over Novgorod again, they sent an army led by Svyatoslav against him. The army consisted not only of Novgorodians, as Svyatoslav had requested the aid of his brother Gleb with the armed forces of the Principality of Kursk and the Polovtsians. The people of Pskov asked him "not to shed the blood of their brothers", but Vsevolod Mstislavich himself died [3], and apparently there was no bloodshed.
However, because of the hostility between the descendants of Vladimir Monomakh and thoso of Oleg Svyatoslavich (known as the Olgovichi]], trade also stopped, and there was no peace with either Suzdal, Smolensk, Kiev, or Polotsk. Because of this, food prices in the Principality of Novgorod increased, and the Novgorodians called prince Rostislav Yurevich [5] from Suzdal, driving Svyatoslav away[3] to Kiev. Svyatoslav proceded towards Kiev, but he was caught on the way in Smolensk and imprisoned in the Boris and Gleb monastery, whine his wife was kept in the monastery of St. Barbara in Novgorod [3].
After the reconciliation of the Grand Prince of Kiev Yaropolk Vladimirovich with Vsevolod Olgovich, Svyatoslav's brother, Svyatoslav was released and went to Kiev. After Vsevolod Olgovich was enthorned Grand Prince of Kiev, Svyatoslav was appointed Prince of Kursk and fought for Pereyaslavl with Prince Andrei Vladimirovich, but was defeated.
A year later, in 1139, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, Rostislav Yuryevich's father, arriving in Smolensk, called unsuccessfully the Novgorodians on a campaign against Kiev, and Rostislav had to flee to Smolensk to his father. Svyatoslav Olgovich was again Prince of Novgorod, but not for long: in 1141 Vsevolod withdrew his brother to Kiev, and asked Novgorod to take his son as a prince. However, Svyatoslav, not waiting for his nephew, fled to Starodub. From there Vsevolod Olgovich called him to Kiev. Svyatoslav again became a prince of Kursk and Novgorod-Seversky. Consequently, Vsevolod appointed him Prince of Belgorod-Kievsky .
After the death of their older brother, Vsevolod II, Svyatoslav and his brother Igor were driven out of Kiev by Izyaslav Mstislavich. Svyatoslav escaped, but Igor was captured and eventually killed in 1147. Svyatoslav fled to Chernigov but was ordered to relinquish the reign of Novgorod-Seversky, to his cousins, Izyaslav Davidovich and Vladimir Davidovich. With the assistance of his ally, Yuri Dolgoruki, and his father-in-law, Aepa Khan, Svyatoslav began a war against his cousins, but was forced to flee to Karachev. There on January 16, 1147, with Yuri Dolgoruky's help, Svyatoslav defeated the Davidovichi brothers.
Principality of Chernigov
See also: The internecine war in Russia (1158-1161) When Yuri Dolgoruky died in Kiev (1157), Izyaslav Davidovich became the Grand Prince of Kiev, Svyatoslav succeded him as Prince of Chernigov. But in 1159 Izyaslav was expelled from Kiev, by Mstislav Izyaslavich with the warriors of {{Principality of Halych|Halych]] who enthroned the eldest Monomakhovichi, Rostislav Mstislavich as Grand Prince of Kiev. Svyatoslav did not return Chernigov to Izyaslav. He began a simultaneous fight for Kiev and Chernigov in alliance with the Polovtsians, but even Svyatoslav's nephews and his eldest son [Oleg took the side of Izyaslav. Svyatoslav managed to defend Chernigov, and the enemy ruined the territory of the Principality of Smolensk. Rostislav through his son Roman who had married to Svyatoslav's daughter promised the Principality of Chernigov to Izyaslav if he gave up any claims to Grand Principality of Kiev and returned to the left bank of the Dnieper.
Izyaslav concluded a dynastic alliance with Andrei of Bogolyubovo, but the participation of the toops of Vladimi troops was reduced to protecting Svyatoslav Vladimirovich's inheritance of Vshchizh, and as a result, Rostislav Mstislavich's seniority was recognized.
In 1164 after Svyatoslav's death he was succeeded by nephew Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, while his son [Oleg becaeme Prince of Novgorod-Seversky. Thus, the descendants of Svyatoslav Olgovich got the exclusive right to occupy the northern principalities and retained the rights to Chernigov.
Family and children
Marriages
According to some historians, Svyatoslav married the daughter of the Polovtsian khan Ayepa Girgenev. This is probably incorrect as this marriage should have been concluded in 1107. The chronicle who describes this marriage simply indicates that it was one of Oleg Svyatoslavich's sons, but does not mention the name of the prince. [2][6].
In 1136 Svyatoslav married Yekaterina, the daughter of the Novgorod posadnik Petrila
Children
- Oleg Svyatoslavich (Prince of Novgorod-Seversky)
- daughter - married to the grandson of Vladimir Monomakh Vladimir Andreevich
- daughter - since 1149 married to Roman Rostislavich
- Maria Svyatoslavna - from 1166, married to Yaropolk Izyaslavich
- Igor Svyatoslavich ( 1151 - 1202 )
- Vsevolod Svyatoslavich (prince of Kursk)
See also
The Statute of Novgorod Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich
Svyatoslav Olgovich in movies
- Knyaz Yuri Dolgoruky (Князь Юрий Долгорукий) (1998; Russia) director Sergei Tarasov (1933) , in the role of Svyatoslav: Nikolai Olyalin (1941-2009) .
References
- ^ Выбор имени у русских князей в X-XVI вв..
- ^ a b According to E.V. Pchelov, Svyatoslav Olgovich was born in 1106-1107. The researcher drew attention to the "Teaching on the Numbers" by Kirik Novgorodtz, which states that at the time of writing the work (1136), Svyatoslav Olegovich, then the Prince of Novgorod, was thirty years old. This information contradicts the opinion of V.N. Tatishchev and N.M. Karamzin that it was Svyatoslav Olgovich who married in 1107 a Polovtsian princess.
- ^ a b c d e f Новгородская первая летопись старшего и младшего изводов. — М.-Л.: «Издательство Академии Наук СССР», 1950. — 659 с //«Ізборник». Історія України IX—XVIII
- ^ Литвина А. Ф.. Успенский Ф. Б. Выбор имени у русских князей в X-XVI вв.. pp. 258.
- ^ Ипатьевская летопись//Полное собрание русских летописей.т.2.Санкт-Петербург,1908//«Ізборник». Історія України IX—XVIII
- ^ At the same time Vladimir Monomakh married his son Yuri to the daughter of another Aepa (the son of Asen). These two marriages crowned the conclusion of peace talks with the Polovtsians: "Volodimer ... made peace and a wad Volodimer for Jurgia Aepin daughter, Ossenev's grandson, and Oleg came for his son Aepin's daughter, Girgenev's grandson.
- Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernigov, 1146-1246, 2000
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Olgovich, Svyatoslav |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | |
| DATE OF BIRTH | |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1164 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Oleg Svyatoslavich of Novgorod-Seversky (c1137-1180) | 1137 | 18 January 1180 | Yelena Yuryevna (c1140-1165) Unknown Andreyevna of Volhynia (c1140-1166) Agafiya Rostislavna of Smolensk (c1147-c1210) |
| Daughter | |||
| Daughter | |||
| Mariya Svyatovlavna (1140-1175) | |||
| Igor Svyatoslavich of Chernigov (1151-1202) | 1151 | 1202 | Eufrosinya Yaroslavna of Halych (c1155-c1202) |
| Vsevolod Svyatoslavich of Kursk (1155-1196) | |||
Siblings
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Vsevolod II Olgovich of Kiev (1094-1146) | 1094 | 1 August 1146 | Maria Mstislavna of Kiev (c1108-c1155) |
| Igor II Olgovich of Kiev (c1095-1147) | 1095 | 19 September 1147 Kiev, Ukraine | |
| Mariya Olgovna of Kiev (c1097-1146) | 1095 | 1147 | Piotr Włostowic (c1080-1143) |
| Gleb Olgovich of Kursk (c1100-1138) | 1100 | 1138 Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast, Russia | Nomen nescio |
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Svyatoslav Olgovich of Chernigov (c1108-1164) | 1108 | 1164 | Yekaterina of Novgorod (c1115-c1170) |
Residences
}Svyatoslav Olgovich Rurikovich Born: c1108 Died: 1164
| ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Vsevolod Mstislavich |
Prince of Novgorod 1136–1138 |
Succeeded by Svyatopolk II Mstislavich |
| Preceded by Rostislav I Yuryevich |
Prince of Novgorod 1140–1141 |
Succeeded by Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich |
| Preceded by Gleb Olgovich |
Prince of Kursk 1138–1139 |
Succeeded by Ivan Yuryevich |
| Preceded by Gleb Yuryevich |
Prince of Kursk 1149 |
Succeeded by Vsevolod Svyatoslavich |
| Preceded by Mstislav Vladimirovich |
Prince of Belgorod Kievsky 1141–1146 |
Succeeded by Boris Yuryevich |
| Preceded by Igor Olgovich |
Prince of Novgorod-Seversky 1146–1157 |
Succeeded by Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich |
| Preceded by Vyacheslav Vladimirovich |
Prince of Turov and Pinsk 1149–1151 |
Succeeded by Yaroslav Izyaslavich |
| Preceded by Izyaslav Davydovich |
Prince of Chernigov 1157–1164 |
Succeeded by Igor Svyatoslavich |
Footnotes (including sources)
| Ω Birth |
|