Tiun (тивtivun) - in the Old Russian state - the name of the prince or boyar governor, the steward from the obeisance serfs [1], by the good will of those who enter, if he did not conclude - the "row" ; in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the Russian state until the 17th century - the title of some posts [1] .
According to one version, the title of the post was borrowed by Russians from Scandinavia . [2]
Tiuns of Ancient Russia[]
For the murder of the prince's tynah, Russian law established the highest vira: 80- grivnas [3]; for the murder of boyar tiuna a vira of 40-grivnas [4]. The Tiuns could also call the ministers of the princely court (the fiery tiun , the stable tiun [5]). The Tiuns could also be called the lower link of the princely administration in the villages (rural tiun , raita tiun ); their life was protected by a 12-grivnas vira [6].
Only the Prince himself could judge tiuns [7]. As a rule, tyun was a prince's subordinate, or became such after starting his service; Russian Law" defines service without a contract (riad " (that is, without establishing a specific contract) as one of the sources of subordination [8].
Tiuns in the Russian state and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania[]
In the 14th - 17th centuries, there were tiunas of the Grand Prince, who were engaged in his economy and managed separate towns, volosts and tiuns, which were part of the apparatus of the governors and performed judicial functions. In addition, in the Grand Duchy, the Lithuanian tyuns were called large feudal lords, who administered the volosts (later: governors), collected tribute (the so-called polyude). In some localities of Galicia Rus, where the action preserved the ancient Russian law, the tiuny were elected representatives of rural communities.
Notes[]
- ^ a b Template:ВТ-МЭСБЕ
- ^ Lizisowa, M.T. Dwa terminy prawne pochodzenia germańskiego w Statucie Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego: ciwun i rykunia // Polszczyzna regionalna w okresie renesansu i baroku. Wrocław, 1984. S. 229. См.: Пашуто В. Т., Флоря Б. Н., Хорошкевич А. Л. Древнерусское наследие и исторические судьбы восточного славянства. Москва, 1982. C. 117.
- ^ Русская Правда, ст. 22 Краткой редакции, ст. 1 Пространной редакции
- ^ Русская Правда, ст. 1 Пространной редакции
- ^ Русская Правда, ст. 12 Пространной редакции. Их жизнь также охраняла 80-гривенная вира
- ^ Русская Правда, ст. 12 Пространной редакции
- ^ Русская Правда, ст. 33 Краткой редакции
- ^ Русская Правда, ст. 110 Пространной редакции
Reference[]
This article uses material from the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron (1890-1907).
| This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Tiuns. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License. |