| Transfiguration Cathedral | |
| Спасо-Преображенский собор (Переславль-Залесский) | |
|---|---|
 The main facade | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Location | Pereyaslavl-Zalessky |
| Country | Russia |
| History | |
| Founded | 1152 |
| Founder(s) | Yuri Dolgoruky |
| Dedicated | 1157 |
| Cult(s) present | orthodox |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Museum |
| Completed | 1152 |
The Transfiguration Cathedral in the Pereslavl-Zalessky was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152. Completed by Andrei of Bogolyubovo in 1157. It functions as a branch of the city museum-reserve . Access inside is limited.
Architecture of the Cathedral[]
Interior of the Cathedral[]
This domed's cross chetyrohstolpny trohapsidny temple - the earliest of the white stone monuments of the North-Eastern Russia (as well as the Church of Boris and Gleb in Kideksha ).
The walls of the cathedral are laid out in a half-way technique from well-hewn and put almost dry white stone blocks. The thickness of the walls is from 1 m 30 cm to 1 m. The height of the temple in antiquity was about 22 m. [1]
The foundation of the temple is a ribbon (passing to the pillars from the walls), for its time already archaic. The foundation is made of large cobblestone on lime. Depth - 1.2 m, brought to a layer of dense clay. It is much wider than the walls - stands 1 m from the north and 1.5 m from the east. Up to a depth of 0.8 m, the foundation drops vertically, and then narrows. [2]
The building, in comparison with the pre-Mongolian time, "grew into the earth" by about 90 cm: two more rows of a white-stone basement lay below the ebb [3].
The decor of the temple is very strict. The drum is decorated with a curb and a city belt, on the top of the apses are the arkature belt , the curb and the carved crook.[4]
A.G. Chinyakov, who examined and restored the cathedral in the 1940s, assumed that the drum ended with a chain of carved arches, similar to the completion of the drums of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir[5].
No stone porches and other extensions to the cathedral were preserved, no archaeological research has revealed any traces of them [6]. Probably, not a stone (as in most pre-Mongolian churches of North-Eastern Russia) adjoined to the entrance to the choirs in the second tier of the western strait of the northern wall of the cathedral, but a wooden staircase[7]..
During excavations in the temple in the late 1930's. majolica tiles of yellow, green and brown color were found, covering the floor. More ornate tiles, white with blue ornaments, probably decorated with choirs [8].
Frescoes and icons[]
In the second half of the 12th century the cathedral was painted with frescoes. The compositions "The Last Judgment" and "The Mother of God on the Throne" were discovered in 1862 by a local historian and architect N.A. Artleben [9].
During the restoration of the cathedral in 1893-94, the ancient frescoes were removed in small pieces, packed in boxes and sheltered in a cold shed in disarray. In 1895 the Archaeological Commission recognized the frescoes as not deserving further preservation [10]..
The surviving fragment of paintings (the figure of the apostle Simon) is now in the Historical Museum of Moscow [11].
Not representing a significant artistic value of the frescoes of the XIX century cleaned. Now inside the cathedral there are white walls.
From the cathedral of Pereslavl, there is an exceptional in its artistic merits temple icon " Transfiguration " of the beginning of the XV century, attributed to the hands of Theophanes the Greek (now - in the Tretyakov Gallery)[12].
Graffiti of the Transfiguration Cathedral[]
During the restoration of the Transfiguration Cathedral on its walls, several ancient Russian graffiti were discovered. Among the graffiti was found a unique inscription-message of the XII century about the murder of Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky and a list of the names of his killers [13].
Importance of the cathedral[]
Белокаменные своды
The cathedral is the only one of the first five white-stone churches of North-Eastern Russia, which has reached us almost intact. Many princes of Pereyaslavl were baptized in the cathedral, including Aleksandr Nevsky, who was born in Pereslavl-Zalessky in 1221.
In the XIII-XIV centuries the Transfiguration Cathedral was the burial-vault of the Princes of Pereyaslavl. Here princes Dmitri Aleksandrovich and Ivan Dmitrievich were buried. In 1939, during the excavations under the supervision of N. N. Voronin , a rare tricle-decorated ornament of the sarcophagus was discovered from the grave of Ivan Dmitrievich[14].
In the year of the end of the Great Patriotic War, on 2 September 1945, the Aleksandr Nevsky Museum was established in the cathedral [15]. It was later closed.
Gallery[]
.jpeg "Transfiguration by Feofan Grek from Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral in Pereslavl-Zalessky (15th c, Tretyakov gallery).jpeg (1.28 MB)")
Notes[]
- ^ Воронин Н. Н. Зодчество Северо-Восточной Руси XII—XV веков. М., 1961—1962. Т. 1, с. 81
- ^ Воронин Н. Н. указ. соч. Т. 1, с. 78
- ^ Воронин Н. Н. указ. соч. Т. 1, с. 82
- ^ Заграевский С. В. Новые исследования памятников архитектуры Владимиро-Суздальского музея-заповедника. М., 2008. С. 172 (Ссылка)
- ^ Чиняков А. Г. Архитектурный памятник времен Юрия Долгорукого // Архитектурное наследство. — 1952. — № 2.
- ^ Иоаннисян О. М. Исследования в Ярославле и Переславле-Залесском // Археологические открытия 1986 года. — М., 1988.
- ^ Заграевский, С. В. Новые исследования памятников архитектуры Владимиро-Суздальского музея-заповедника. М., 2008. С. 172 (Ссылка)
- ^ Воронин, Н. Н. Зодчество… Т. 1, с. 82
- ^ Артлебен Н. А. Древние фрески, открытые в Спасо-Преображенском соборе, в Переславле-Залесском / Н. А. Артлебен // Труды Владимирского Губернского Статистического Комитета. — Владимир, 1863. — Том 1. — С. 77—85. (Ссылка)
- ^ Лукомский, Г. К. О памятниках архитектуры Переславля-Залесского / Г. К. Лукомский. — СПб., 1914.
- ^ Воронин, Н. Н. указ. соч. Т. 1, с. 508
- ^ Найден список убийц князя Андрея Боголюбского
- ^ Найден список убийц князя Андрея Боголюбского
- ^ Воронин Н. Н. Раскопки в Переславле-Залесском // Материалы и исследования по археологии СССР. — Мoscow., Л., 1949. Т. 11.
- ^ Иванов К. И. Музей Александра Невского в городе Переславле-Залесском. — Ярославль, 1951. (Ссылка)
References[]
- Воронин Н. Н. Зодчество Северо-Восточной Руси XII—XV веков. М., 1961—1962. Т. 1, с. 77-90.
- Ермакова Н. Храмы Переславля: существующие и утраченные. М.: Славпринт, 2004.
- Тихонравов К. Н. Спасо-Преображенский собор в Переславле-Залесском / Тихонравов К. Н. // Владимирские губернские ведомости (часть неофициальная). — 1853. — № 50 (12 декабря). — С. 311—312.
- Надгробные плиты, открытые у Преображенского собора в г. Переславле-Залесском // Владимирские губернские ведомости. — 1854. — № 34 (21 августа). — С. 267—268.
- Template:Книга:Васильев Памятники ПЗ