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Vasili III Gavriil Ivanovich of Russia (Russian: Василий III Иванович), Grand Prince of Moscow, was born 25 March 1479 to Ivan III Vasilyevich of Russia (1440-1505) and Zoe Palaiologina (c1448-1503) and died 3 December 1533 Moscow, Russia of unspecified causes. He married Solomonia Yuryevna Saburova (c1490-1542) 1506 JL . He married Elena Vasilievna Glinskaya (1506-1538) 1526 JL .
Vasili III Ivanovich (Russian: Василий III Иванович) (25 March 1479 – 3 December 1533, Moscow) was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1505 to 1533. He was the son of Ivan III Vasiliyevich and Sophia Paleologue and was christened with the name Gavriil (Гавриил). He had four brothers; Yuri, born in 1480, Dmitri, born in 1481, Simeon, born in 1487 and Andrei, born in 1490, as well as five sisters: Elena (born and died in 1474), Feodosiya (born and died in 1475), another Elena (born 1476),Evdokiyia (born circa 1483) another Feodosiya (born 1485) and .[1]
Foreign affairs
Vasili III continued the policies of his father Ivan III and spent most of his reign consolidating Ivan's gains. Vasili annexed the last surviving autonomous provinces: Pskov in 1510, appanage of Volokolamsk in 1513, principalities of Ryazan in 1521 and Novgorod-Seversky in 1522.
Vasili also took advantage of the difficult position of Sigismund of Poland to capture Smolensk, the great eastern fortress of Lithuania (siege started 1512, ended in 1514), chiefly through the aid of the rebel Lithuanian, Prince Mikhail Glinsky, who provided him with artillery and engineers. The loss of Smolensk was an important injury inflicted by Russia on Lithuania in the course of the Russo-Lithuanian Wars and only the exigencies of Sigismund compelled him to acquiesce in its surrender (1522).
Equally successful were Vasili's actions against the Crimean Khanate. Although in 1519 he was obliged to buy off the khan of the Crimea, Mehmed I Giray, under the very walls of Moscow, towards the end of his reign he established Russian influence on the Volga. In 1531-32 he placed the pretender Cangali khan on the throne of Kazan.
Domestic affairs
The Church of Ascension was built by Basil III to commemorate the birth of his heir.
In his internal policy, Vasili III enjoyed the support of the Church in his struggle with the feudal opposition. In 1521, metropolitan Varlaam was banished for refusing to participate in Vasili's fight against an appanage prince Vasili Ivanovich Shemyachich. Rurikid princes Vasili Shuisky and Ivan Vorotynsky were also sent into exile. The diplomat and statesman, Ivan Bersen-Beklemishev, was executed in 1525 for criticizing Vasili's policies. Maximus the Greek (publicist), Vassian Patrikeyev (statesman) and others were sentenced for the same reason in 1525 and 1531. During the reign of Vasili III, the gentry's landownership increased; authorities were actively trying to limit immunities and privileges of boyars and nobility.
Family life
By 1526 when he was 47 years old, Vasili had been married to Solomonia Saburova for over 20 years with no heir to his throne being produced. Conscious of her husband's disappointment, Solomonia tried to remedy this by consulting sorcerers and going on pilgrimages. When this proved unsuccessful, Vasili consulted the boyars, announcing that he did not trust his two brothers to handle Russia's affairs. The boyars suggested that he take a new wife, and despite much opposition from the clergy, he divorced his barren wife and married Princess Elena Glinskaya, the daughter Serbian princess Anna Jakšić and niece of his friend Mikhail Glinsky. Not many of the boyars approved of his choice, as Elena was of Catholic upringing. Vasili was so smitten that he defied Russian social norms and trimmed his beard to appear younger. After three days of matrimonial festivity, the couple consummated their marriage, only to discover that Elena appeared to be just as sterile as Solomonia. The Russian populace began suspect this to be a sign of God's disapproval of the marriage. However, to the great joy of Vasili and the populace, the new tsaritsa gave birth to a son, who succeeded him as Ivan IV. Three years later, a second son, Yuri was born.[1] According to a story, Solomonia Saburova also bore a son in the convent where she had been confined, just several months after the controversial divorce.
Children
| Name | Birth | Death | Joined with |
| Ivan IV of Russia (1530-1584) | 25 August 1530 Kolomenskoye, Russia | 28 March 1584 Moscow, Russia | |
| Yuri Vasilyevich of Uglich (1532-1563) | 30 October 1532 Moscow, Russia | 24 June 1563 Moscow, Russia | Ulyana Dmitrievna of Palekh (c1533-1569) |
Death
Whilst out hunting on horseback near Volokolamsk, Vasili felt a great pain in his right hip, the result of an abscess. He was transported to the village of Kolp, where he was visited by two German doctors who were unable to stop the infection with conventional remedies. Believing that his time was short, Vasili requested to be returned to Moscow, where he was kept in the Saint Joseph Cathedral along the way. By 25 November 1533, Vasili reached Moscow and asked to be made a monk before dying. Taking on the name Varlaam, Vasili died at midnight, 4 December 1533.[1]
See also
References
Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Basil (I.-IV. of Muscovy)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ a b c (French)Troyat, Henri (1993). Ivan le terrible. ISBN 2080644734.
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Ivan III |
Grand Prince of Moscow 1505–1533 |
Succeeded by Ivan IV |
Russian royalty
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| Preceded by Dmitri Ivanovich |
Heir to the Russian Throne 1502–1505 |
Succeeded by Yuri |
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Template:Lists of Russians
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Residences