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| Winn Parish, Louisiana | |
 Winn Parish Courthouse in Winnfield
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 Location in the state of Louisiana | |
 Louisiana's location in the U.S. | |
| Founded | February 24, 1852 |
|---|---|
| Named for | Walter Winn or Winfield Scott |
| Seat | Winnfield |
| Largest city | Winnfield |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
957 sq mi (2,479 km²) 950 sq mi (2,460 km²) 6.7 sq mi (17 km²), 0.7 |
| Population - (2020) - Density |
13,755 |
| Congressional district | 5th |
| Time zone | Central: UTC-6/-5 |
Winn Parish Enterprise newspaper office in Winnfield
The Evergreen Missionary Baptist Church and Cemetery, with a green roof and large bell, is located off U.S. Highway 71 in northwestern Winn Parish south of Saline Bayou. Country churches of this kind are common in North Louisiana.
Saline Bayou
Backwater flooding in Winn Parish led temporarily in June 2015 to a detour around U.S. Highway 71 at St. Maurice, Louisiana.
Winn Parish is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,755.[1] Its seat is Winnfield.[2] The parish was founded in 1852.[3] It is last in alphabetical order of Louisiana's sixty-four parishes.
Winn is separated from Natchitoches Parish along U.S. Highway 71 by Saline Bayou, the first blackwater protected waterway in the American South.
History[]
Winn Parish was established in 1852 from lands which had belonged to the parishes of Catahoula, Natchitoches, and Rapides.[3]
During the Civil War, David Pierson, a young attorney, was elected to represent the parish at the Secession Convention called in January 1861 in Baton Rouge by Governor Thomas Overton Moore. Pierson voted against secession and refused, along with several others, to change his "no" vote at the end of the process when asked to do so to make the final tally unanimous.
That these conscripts refused to fight for the Confederacy is understandable considering that Union support was higher in north Louisiana, and especially high in Winn Parish.[4] The Confederate States Army defeated a Union detachment sent to destroy a salt works in the parish. Winn Parish contributed to the $80,000 raised to build fortifications on the nearby Red River.[5]
After the war, bandits roamed the Natchez Trace or Harrisonburg Road that ran through the lower part of the parish. Among the worst were the West and Kimbrell clan. For seven years they preyed especially on travelers and migrants passing through the area.[6]
In April 1873, white Democrats forming a militia from Winn Parish joined with ex-Confederate veterans from Rapides and Grant parishes against Republican blacks in the Colfax massacre in neighboring Grant Parish.[7][8] They attacked freedmen defending the parish courthouse and two Republican officeholders in the aftermath to the disputed gubernatorial election of 1872. Among the 80–150 blacks killed were at least 50 who had surrendered; a total of three white men were killed in the confrontation.[9][10][11][12]
Geography[]
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 957 square miles (2,480 km2), of which 950 square miles (2,500 km2) is land and 6.7 square miles (17 km2) (0.7%) is water.[13]
Major highways[]
U.S. Highway 71- U.S. Highway 84
- U.S. Highway 167
- Louisiana Highway 34
- Louisiana Highway 126
- Louisiana Highway 127
- Louisiana Highway 156
- Louisiana Highway 471
- Louisiana Highway 499
- Louisiana Highway 500
- Louisiana Highway 501
- Louisiana Highway 505
- Louisiana Highway 1228
Adjacent parishes[]
- Jackson Parish (north)
- Caldwell Parish (northeast)
- La Salle Parish (southeast)
- Grant Parish (south)
- Natchitoches Parish (west)
- Bienville Parish (northwest)
National protected area[]
- Kisatchie National Forest (part)
- Saline Bayou
Demographics[]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1860 | 6,876 | ||
| 1870 | 4,954 | −28.0% | |
| 1880 | 5,846 | 18.0% | |
| 1890 | 7,082 | 21.1% | |
| 1900 | 9,648 | 36.2% | |
| 1910 | 18,357 | 90.3% | |
| 1920 | 16,119 | −12.2% | |
| 1930 | 14,766 | −8.4% | |
| 1940 | 16,923 | 14.6% | |
| 1950 | 16,119 | −4.8% | |
| 1960 | 16,034 | −0.5% | |
| 1970 | 16,369 | 2.1% | |
| 1980 | 17,253 | 5.4% | |
| 1990 | 16,269 | −5.7% | |
| 2000 | 16,894 | 3.8% | |
| 2010 | 15,313 | −9.4% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[14] 1790–1960[15] 1900–1990[16] 1990–2000[17] 2010[18] | |||
2020 census[]
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 8,498 | 61.78% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 3,518 | 25.58% |
| Native American | 77 | 0.56% |
| Asian | 172 | 1.25% |
| Pacific Islander | 16 | 0.12% |
| Other/Mixed | 451 | 3.28% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,023 | 7.44% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,755 people, 5,483 households, and 3,661 families residing in the parish.
2000 census[]
As of the census[20] of 2000, there were 16,894 people, 5,930 households, and 4,234 families residing in the parish. The population density was 18 people per square mile (7/km2). There were 7,502 housing units at an average density of 8 per square mile (3/km2). The racial makeup of the parish was 66.27% White, 32.03% Black or African American, 0.50% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.13% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. 0.87% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 35.9% were of American, 7.2% Irish and 4.9% English ancestry according to Census 2000.
There were 5,930 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.80% were married couples living together, 15.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.60% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.07.
In the parish the population was spread out, with 24.80% under the age of 18, 9.60% from 18 to 24, 28.90% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 110.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 113.20 males.
The median income for a household in the parish was $25,462, and the median income for a family was $31,513. Males had a median income of $29,094 versus $17,939 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $11,794. About 17.00% of families and 21.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.40% of those under age 18 and 24.20% of those age 65 or over.
Education[]
Winn Parish School Board operates local public schools in all of the county.[21]
New Winn Parish Library[]
Corrections[]
Winn Correctional Center is in an unincorporated section of Winn Parish. Corrections Corporation of America, under contract with Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, once operated the prison.[22]
National Guard[]
"A" Company of the Louisiana National Guard 199th Forward Support Battalion was previously located in Winnfield, Louisiana. The unit deployed twice to Iraq as part of the 256TH IBCT in 2004-5 and 2010. The unit's Winnfield Armory was closed.
Communities[]
Map of Winn Parish, with municipal labels and districts
City[]
- Winnfield (parish seat and largest municipality)
Town[]
- Tullos (partial)
Villages[]
- Atlanta
- Calvin
- Dodson
- Sikes
Census-designated places[]
- Jordan Hill
- Joyce
- Saint Maurice
Unincorporated communities[]
- Packton[23]
- Tannehill
- Wheeling
Hospital[]
- Winn Parish Medical Center
Politics[]
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 4,619 | 74.20% | 1,543 | 24.79% | 63 | 1.01% |
| 2016 | 4,608 | 72.32% | 1,644 | 25.80% | 120 | 1.88% |
| 2012 | 4,541 | 69.50% | 1,919 | 29.37% | 74 | 1.13% |
| 2008 | 4,632 | 68.40% | 2,047 | 30.23% | 93 | 1.37% |
| 2004 | 4,366 | 67.10% | 2,056 | 31.60% | 85 | 1.31% |
| 2000 | 4,028 | 63.32% | 2,167 | 34.07% | 166 | 2.61% |
| 1996 | 2,803 | 37.56% | 3,779 | 50.64% | 881 | 11.80% |
| 1992 | 2,932 | 38.84% | 3,537 | 46.85% | 1,080 | 14.31% |
| 1988 | 4,165 | 59.02% | 2,699 | 38.25% | 193 | 2.73% |
| 1984 | 4,934 | 63.85% | 2,633 | 34.08% | 160 | 2.07% |
| 1980 | 3,944 | 52.26% | 3,411 | 45.20% | 192 | 2.54% |
| 1976 | 3,209 | 46.58% | 3,543 | 51.43% | 137 | 1.99% |
| 1972 | 4,235 | 70.40% | 1,490 | 24.77% | 291 | 4.84% |
| 1968 | 1,050 | 16.68% | 1,230 | 19.54% | 4,015 | 63.78% |
| 1964 | 4,366 | 78.54% | 1,193 | 21.46% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 1,839 | 44.90% | 1,108 | 27.05% | 1,149 | 28.05% |
| 1956 | 1,736 | 49.56% | 1,225 | 34.97% | 542 | 15.47% |
| 1952 | 1,915 | 46.47% | 2,206 | 53.53% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 333 | 11.37% | 940 | 32.08% | 1,657 | 56.55% |
| 1944 | 881 | 38.57% | 1,403 | 61.43% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 382 | 13.02% | 2,552 | 86.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 254 | 9.60% | 2,393 | 90.40% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 36 | 1.60% | 2,172 | 96.71% | 38 | 1.69% |
| 1928 | 533 | 31.46% | 1,161 | 68.54% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 120 | 13.09% | 797 | 86.91% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1920 | 291 | 19.70% | 963 | 65.20% | 223 | 15.10% |
| 1916 | 50 | 5.45% | 868 | 94.55% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1912 | 26 | 2.50% | 600 | 57.75% | 413 | 39.75% |
Notable people[]
- Morris N. Abrams, educator[25]
- O.K. Allen, governor of Louisiana
- Bryant W. Bailey, politician, Winn Parish sheriff from 1908 to 1912
- William C. Edenborn, inventor and industrialist[26]
- T. H. Harris, Louisiana state superintendent of education from 1908 to 1940
- Huey Long, governor of Louisiana
- Earl Kemp Long, governor of Louisiana
- Charlton Lyons, Republican candidate for governor in 1964, practiced law in Winnfield prior to 1930
- Keith M. Pyburn, state representative for Caddo Parish from 1948 to 1952; born and resided in Dodson in Winn Parish from 1910 to 1925
- Terry Reeves, district attorney for Winn Parish from 1991 until his death in office in 2005[27]
- Calvin Marion Robinson, sheriff of Winn Parish prior to 1956
- Roy Sanders, educator and state representative from Natchitoches Parish from 1948 to 1952; born in Winn Parish
See also[]
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Winn Parish, Louisiana
References[]
- ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Winn Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau. https://data.census.gov/profile/Winn_Parish,_Louisiana?g=0500000US22127.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx.
- ^ a b "Winn Parish". Center for Cultural and Eco-Tourism. http://ccet.louisiana.edu/tourism/parishes/North_Louisiana/winn.html.
- ^ King, William Henry, 1828–1903. (2006). No pardons to ask, nor apologies to make : the journal of William Henry King, Gray's 28th Louisiana Infantry Regiment. Joiner, Gary D., Joiner, Marilyn S., Cardin, Clifton D. (Clifton Dale), 1957– (1st ed.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 1-57233-461-4. OCLC 61204291. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61204291.
- ^ John D. Winters, The Civil War in Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, ISBN 0-8071-0834-0, pp. 164, 310
- ^ LeJeune, Keagan (2016) (in en). Legendary Louisiana Outlaws: The Villains and Heroes of Folk Justice. Baton Rouge: LSU Press. pp. 48–49. ISBN 9780807162590. https://books.google.com/books?id=G_mSCwAAQBAJ&q=natchez+trace+west+kimbrell+clans&pg=PA48.
- ^ Keith, Leeanna, The Colfax Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, & The Death of Reconstruction, New York: Oxford University Press, 2007
- ^ Lane, Charles (2008). The Day Freedom Died: The Colfax Massacre, the Supreme Court, and the Betrayal of Reconstruction. New York: Henry Holt & Company. https://archive.org/details/dayfreedomdiedco00lane.
- ^ Buddy Jordan obituary, Alexandria Daily Town Talk, February 23, 2012
- ^ Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 17, 2007
- ^ ""Former Sheriff of Winn Parish Found Guilty: Federal Jury Convicts A. D. "Bodie" Little of Drug Charges Tonight," February 24, 2012". justice.gov. https://www.justice.gov/usao/law/news/wdla20120224.pdf.
- ^ "Tom Kelly, "Third Sheriff Jordan elected in Winn Parish," 2011". thepineywoods.com. http://www.thepineywoods.com/JordanJan12.htm.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_22.txt.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/la190090.txt.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf.
- ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/22127.html.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US22127&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Winn Parish, LA". U.S. Census Bureau. https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22127_winn/DC20SD_C22127.pdf. Retrieved 2022-07-31. - Text list
- ^ "Winn Corr. Center Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine." Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections. Accessed September 14, 2008.
- ^ USGS GNIS: Packton
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS.
- ^ "Abrams, Morris Newton". Louisiana Hoistorical Association, A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography (lahistory.org). http://www.lahistory.org/site18.php.
- ^ Brock, Eric J.. "William Edenborn". Find A Grave Memorial. www.findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/19826616.
- ^ Ron Manley. "Terry Ray Reeves". findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11789525.
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Bienville Parish | Jackson Parish | Caldwell Parish |
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| Natchitoches Parish | 
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   Winn Parish, Louisiana | ||||
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| Grant Parish | La Salle Parish |
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